Recording-2025-02-24T15:58:45.320Z

Exam Review Topics Discussed important topics for the upcoming exam scheduled for Tuesday. Emphasis on a review of the lessons learned prior to the orientation of the body.

Structural Hierarchy of the Human Body

Overview of the complexity of the human body. It includes multiple levels of organization: cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Understanding the organism's structure from a broad perspective to the smallest components.

Atomic Structure

Focus on electrons in the third shell of an atom: Atoms can have different electron configurations. An atom can lose or gain up to seven electrons to reach stability (octet rule).

Active Transport vs Passive Transport

Two specific processes for cellular transport:

• Active Transport: Requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient. Features saturation (limited number of transport molecules) and specificity (each transporter works for specific substances).

• Passive Transport: Does not require energy; substances move along their concentration gradient. Includes diffusion and osmosis.

Cell Cycle

Breakdown of the cell cycle into two major phases:

• Interphase: Preparation and growth phase before cell division. It includes:

  • G1 Phase: Growth and normal metabolic roles.

  • S Phase: Synthesis phase where DNA is replicated.

  • G2 Phase: Preparation for mitosis.

• Cell Division: The actual process of mitosis or meiosis where cells divide.