1

• Malcolm X took a more militant approach and used violence as self-defense

• King used a peaceful approach

• King thought Malcolm was not helping the Black community and was not offering solutions

2

• Late 1960s: SNCC turned away from nonviolence and made their organization strictly Black

• Due to institutionalized racism, Blacks had to make their own institutions and focus on Black interest rather than taking an interracial approach

• Black Power stood for the self determination of Black people in all organizations

3

• 1966: Black Panther party formed in Oakland, California

• BP aligned with other people of color US was fighting abroad

• Focused on employment, housing, education, and rehabilitation

4

• 1961: National Indian Youth Council founded

• Advocated for rights of indigenous americans 

• Start of the Red Power movement which used direct action to protest discrimination

5

• Chicano Movement confronted discrimination in schools, politics, agriculture, and institutions

• Mexican American Political Association and Mexican American Legal Defense Fund took inspirations from Black civil rights movement

6

• Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta known for founding the United Farm Workers of America

• UFWA helped protest Chicano and Filipino working conditions on American soil

• Chavez led a 300 mile march from Delano, Cali to Sacramento 

• Robert Kennedy supported this movement

7

• Corky Gonzales founded the Crusade for Justice

• At National Chicano Youth Conference, Plan Espiritual de Aztlan was established which reflected the vision of Chicanos being unified against the US

• La Raza Unida promoted Chicano nationalism

8

• Women participated in civil rights and labor movement but became increasingly aware of gender inequality

9

• 1961: JFK establish Presidential Commision on the Status of Women led by Eleanor Roosevelt

• Fought for changes in the conditions of women’s opportunities in the US

• Focused primarily on working, middle class, white women

10

• Betty Friedan’s the feminine mystique gave a voice to the frustrations of women in America wanting to change the status quo

8

• Consciousness-raising groups helped validate women’s experiences

• The personal is political

9

• 1970: Women’s Strike for Equality sponsored by the National Organization for Women

• Focused on employment discrimination, political equality, abortion, free childcare, and equality in marriage

• Movement faced opposition from women who valued the traditional homemaker role and was challenged by minority women who opposed white women’s racism, lesbians vied for more prominence within organizations

10

• Postwar there was an increase in recreational use of nature

• Americans became more aware of the consequences 

11

• Biologist rachel carson’s Silent Spring book expressed that pesticides threatened food ecosystems and how interconnected agriculture and human health were

• Book was opposed by chemical industries because she was a woman

12

• 1970: Nixon signed National Environmental Policy Act into law, required environmental impact statements for any project directed or funded by the federal government

• Nixon created Environmental Protection Agency, first agency charged with studying, regulating, and disseminating knowledge about the environment

13

• Second Vatican Council called for a more modernized church and bring it closer to the non-Catholic world