APUSH Period 8
- WWII is Over * The United States is Doing Fine * ⅔ of the world’s gold * 50% of global manufacturing * 36% of world GDP * 405,000 dead * Cities in great shape
- Post War U.S.S.R * 40 million dead * Demolished cities * ¼ of capital resources destroyed * Devastated economy
- Joseph Stalin * General Secretary of the Community Party * 1922-1953 * “One death is a tragedy. A million deaths is a statistic”
- United Nations * Founded in 1945 * Permanent Members of the Security Council * United States * Great Britain * Soviet Union * France * China
- The “Iron Curtain” * Ideological Wall that separated Community East Europe from Capitalist Western Europe
- Marshall Plan * Economic assistance to Europe * European New Deal * Bribing them to stay out of communism
- Space Race * 1957 * Sputnik launched by USSR * First satellite to be placed into orbit * PANIC * Space Race * Emphasis on math and science education
- Coups and Proxy Wars * Proxy Wars * Korea * 1950 * Afghanistan * 1979 * Syria * 2012-present * Coup * Iran * 1953 * Guatemala * 1954 * Chile * 1970 * Panama * Honduras
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization * NATO * Established 1949 * Collective security pact * Western Europe * North America * Attack on any member nation treated as an attack on all member nations
- Warsaw Pact * Established 1955 * Collective defense of USSR and Eastern Europe
- Chinese Revolution * 1949 * Communists defeat nationalists in Civil War * Communists will have two seats on Security Council * Taiwan * Nationalists establish government here * Sovereignty controversy
- Social Pressures for Women * Early marriage * Childbearing * Stay-at-home motherhood * Nuclear family
- Suburbia * G.I. bill * Mass-produced affordable home * Ex: Levittown * Great migration * “White flight”
- Berlin Wall * 1961 * East Germans begin construction of the Berlin Wall * Separated East and West Berlin * Encircled West Berlin * Symbolic Significance
- Cuban Revolution * 1959 * Fidel Castro’s rebels take control of the Cuban government, creating a communist state 90 miles off the coast of the U.S.
- Mikhail Gorbachev * 1985-1991 * Glasnost * Openness * Censorship relaxed * Easy to see how messed up everything was * Perestroika * Reconstruction * Combat corruption
- Fall of the Soviet Union * 1991 * Boris Yeltsin, elected President of the Russian Federation
- Maastricht Treaty * 1992 * Established the European Union
- Brown v. Board of Education * Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional * Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson * 1896
- Civil Rights Movement * De Jure Segregation * “By law” * “Whites-only” * Public transit segregation * Housing segregation * Store and hotel segregation * Job discrimination * Poll taxes * Literacy tests * De Facto Segregation * “By default or Custom” * Housing discrimination * Job discrimination * Voting discrimination * Racial Wealth Gap * Deindustrialization * White flight * School inequalities * War on drugs * Over and under policing * Criminal justice inequalities
- Civil Rights Movement Expands * Latinos * Cesar Chavez * Dolores Huerta * American Indian Movement * AIM * Asian Americans * JACL * LBGT Americans * Stonewall Riots * Feminist and women’s rights * SCOTUS Cases * Roe v. Wade * Engel v. Vitale * Miranda v. Arizona
- Youth Culture of the 1960s * Anti-war protests * Kent State * Students for a Democratic Society * Free Speech Movement * Counterculture and Hippies * Sexual Revolution
- LBJ and The Great Society * Tackling poverty and racial injustice * Liberalism’s high point * Ex: * Medicare * Medicaid * Head Start * Federal Education money * Hart-Celler Immigration Act of 1965 * Nation Endowment for the Arts * National Endowment for the Humanities * Opposed by Conservatives * Compared to FDR’s New Deal * Derailed by Vietnam
- 1970s Presidents * Nixon * 1969-1974 * Ford * 1974-1977 * Carter * 1997-1981
- 1970s Economy * Stagflation * Oil Crisis * Deindustrialization * Stagnant Wages
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