Other HSB Vocab

• Proteins:

  • Large molecules composed of amino acids that play essential roles in the structure, function, and regulation of cells, tissues, and organs.

• Lipids:

  • A diverse group of molecules that includes fats, oils, and phospholipids. Lipids serve as energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules.

• Carbohydrates:

  • Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates are a primary source of energy for living organisms.

• Nucleic Acid:

  • Large biomolecules, including DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), that carry genetic information and play crucial roles in protein synthesis.

• Cellular Respiration:

  • The process by which cells generate energy (ATP) through the breakdown of glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen.

• Keratin:

  • A fibrous protein that forms the structural basis of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin.

• Function of Hair:

  • Hair serves various functions, including protection against sunlight and environmental factors, insulation, and sensory perception (as in the case of eyelashes).

• Mammals:

  • Warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands that produce milk to nourish their young and hair or fur covering their bodies.

• Placental, Monotremes, Marsupials:

  • Placental Mammals: Mammals that give birth to relatively developed young, nourished by a placenta during gestation.

  • Monotremes: Egg-laying mammals, such as platypus and echidnas.

  • Marsupials: Mammals that give birth to relatively undeveloped young, which continue to develop in a pouch, like kangaroos and koalas.

• Endothermy/Endothermic:

  • Endothermy: The ability of an organism to regulate its internal body temperature

  • Endothermic: Referring to organisms capable of maintaining a constant body temperature

• Homeostasis:

  • The ability of an organism to maintain internal stability and balance despite external changes.

• Thoracic Cavity:

  • The space within the chest that houses the heart, lungs, and associated structures.

• Otic Cavity, Nasal Cavity:

  • Otic Cavity: The space containing the ear structures.

  • Nasal Cavity: The space within the nose.

• Cerebral Cavity:

  • The space within the skull that contains the brain.

• Vertebral Cavity:

  • The space within the vertebral column (spine) that houses the spinal cord.

• Dorsal:

  • Toward the back side of the body.

• Ventral:

  • Toward the front side of the body.

• Abdominopelvic Cavity:

  • The combined space within the abdominal and pelvic regions.

• Diaphragm:

  • A muscular sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, essential for breathing.

• Pelvic Cavity:

  • The space within the pelvis, containing reproductive organs, bladder, and part of the digestive system.

• Oral Cavity:

  • The space within the mouth.

• Optic Cavity:

  • The space within the eye.

• Septum:

  • A partition or dividing wall between two cavities or structures.

• Abdominal Cavity:

  • The space within the abdomen containing digestive organs.

• Axial:

  • Referring to the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk.

• Appendicular:

  • Relating to the limbs (arms and legs) and their attachments to the axial skeleton.

• Retroperitoneal:

  • Located behind the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity.

• Viscera:

  • The internal organs of the body.

• Premium, Co-pay, Co-insurance, Deductible, Out-of-Pocket Maximum:

  • Premium: The amount paid for health insurance coverage.

  • Co-pay: A fixed amount paid for specific healthcare services.

  • Co-insurance: A percentage of healthcare costs paid by the insured after meeting the deductible.

  • Deductible: The amount an insured person must pay before the insurance plan begins coverage.

  • Out-of-Pocket Maximum: The maximum amount an insured person has to pay for covered services within a plan year.

• In Network Vs. Out of Network:

  • In Network: Refers to healthcare providers and facilities that have a contracted relationship with an insurance plan.

  • Out of Network: Refers to healthcare providers and facilities that do not have a contracted relationship with an insurance plan.

• Pericardium:

  • The double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

• Pleural Membrane:

  • The double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs

• Peritoneum:

  • The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering abdominal organs

• Anatomical Position:

  • A standardized body position used as a reference point for anatomical descriptions, with the body standing upright, facing forward