3 21st Century

Lesson 3: 21st Century Literary Generes

21st Century Literature:

21st Century Literature refers to ==new literary work created within the last decade==. It is written by ==contemporary authors== which may deal with current themes/ issues and reflects a ==technological culture==. ==It often breaks traditional writing rules==.

21st Century Reader:

A 21st Century Reader ==grew up using technology as a primary learning tool==. He is capable of ==navigating and interpreting== digital formats and media messages. He also ==possesses literacy skills==, which include ==technological abilities== such as keyboarding, internet navigation, interpretation of technological speak, ability to communicate and interpret coded language and decipher graphics.

4 Major Literary Generes

• Poetry:

  is an ==imaginative awareness== of experience expressed through meaning, sound and ==rhythmic language choices== to evoke an ==emotional response==. It has been known to ==employ meter and rhyme==. The very nature of poetry as an authentic and individual mode of expression makes it nearly impossible to define.

  Elements of poetry:

  1. Line
  2. Stanza: ==group== of lines.
  3. Meter: ==measurement== of the poem.
  4. Rhyme: ==Likeness of sounds==. A poem without rhyme is called a ==blank verse.==
  5. Rhythm: ==succession and alternation== of rhymes.
  6. Rhyme Scheme: also called the ==rhythmic pattern.==
  7. Tone: ==Overall impression== the poem makes. The emotions conveyed by the poem and affected by ==writers choice of words==.
  8. Theme: he ==main idea== or the general topic of the poem.
  9. Lesson: the ==moral or values== the poem wanted to render.

• Drama: is a composition in ==prose or verse presenting in dialogue== or pantomime a story involving conflict more contrast of character, especially on ==intended to be acted on a stage: a play==. It may be any situation or series of events having vivid, emotional, conflicting or striking interest.

  Types of Drama in Literature

  1. Comedy: usually ==humorous plays==.
  2. Farce: type of ==broad comedy==. It depends less on a narrative storyline and ==more on physical humor==, sight gags, silly jokes.
  3. Opera: dramas in which the characters sing each line rather than speaking.
  4. Melodrama: tells a ==serious story in serious ways==.
  5. Tragedy: you can assume that ==the ending will be sad==. But there is more to a tragedy than a play with no happy ending.
  6. Tragicomedy: combine the elements of ==a comedy and a tragedy==.

• Fiction: is literature created from the ==imagination==, not presented as fact, though it ==may be based on a true story== or situation. Types of literature in the fiction include the novel, short story and novella. eg. Mystery, thriller, horror, historical, romance, science fiction, fantasy.

• Non-fiction: is ==based on facts== and the ==author’s opinion about a subject==. The purpose of non-fiction writing is ==to inform and sometimes to persuade==. Its examples are biographies, articles from textbooks and magazines and newspapers.

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21st Century Literature Genres

1. Illustrated Novel:

   • Story through ==text and illustrated images==
   • ==50%== 0f the narrative is presented without words
   • ==The reader must interpret the images== to comprehend the story completely.
   • Textual portions are presented in ==traditional form==.
   • Some illustrated novels ==may contain no text at all==.
   • ==Span all genres==.
   • Examples include ==The Invention of Hugo Cabret== by Brian Selznick and ==The Arrival== by Shaun Tan.

2. Digi-Fiction:

   • ==Triple Media Literature== Combines three media: book, movie/video and internet website.
   • To get the full story, students must engage in navigation, reading, viewing in all three forms.
   • Patrick Carman’s ==Skeleton Creek== and Anthony Zuiker’s ==Level 26== are examples.

3. Graphic Novel:

   • Narrative in comic book formats ==Narrative work== in which the story is conveyed to the reader using a ==comic form==.
   • The term is employed broadly manner, encompassing non-fiction works and thematically linked short stories as well as fictional stories across a number of genres.
   • ==Archie Comics== by John Goldwater and ==illustrator==, Bob Montana, is a good example.

4. Manga:

   • It is used in the English-speaking world as a ==generic term== for all ==comic books and graphic novels originally published in Japan==.
   • Considered as an ==artistic and storytelling style==. Ameri-manga: sometimes used to refer to comics created by ==American artists== in manga style.
   • Shonen: ==Boy’s== Manga (Naruto, Bleach, One Piece)
   • Shojo: ==Girl’s== Manga (Sailormoon)
   • Seinen: ==Men’s== Manga (Akira)
   • Josei: ==Women’s== Manga (Loveless, Paradise Kiss)
   • Kodomo: ==Children’s== Manga (Doraemon, Hello Kitty)

5. Doodle Fiction:

   • Literary presentation where the author ==incorporates doodle writing== and ==drawings== and ==handwritten graphics== in place of the traditional font.
   • Drawing enhances the story, often adding ==humorous elements==.
   • Examples include ==The Diary of a Wimpy Kid== by Jeff Kinney and ==Timmy Failure== by Stephan Pastis.

6. Text-talk Novels:

   • Blogs, email and IM format ==narratives.==
   • Stories told almost entirely in ==dialogue simulating== social network exchanges.

7. Chick Literature or Chick Lit:

   • Is ==genre fiction== which addresses ==issues of modern womanhood==, often ==humorously and lightheartedly==.
   • Chick Lit typically features a ==female protagonist== whose femininity is heavily thermalizing in the plot.
   • Scarlet Bailey’s ==The night before Christmas== and Miranda Dickinson’s ==It started with a Kiss== are examples of this

8. Flash Fiction:

   • Is a style of ==fictional literature of extreme brevity==.
   • There is no widely accepted definition of the length and category. It could range from ==word to a thousand.==

9. Six-word Flash Fiction:

   Ernest Hemingway: For sale: baby socks, never worn.
   Margaret Atwood: Longed for him. Got him, Shit.

   10. Creative Non-Fiction:
   • Also known as literary non-fiction or ==narrative non-fiction==.
   • A genre of writing that uses ==literary styles and techniques== to create factually accurate narratives.
   • Contrasts with other non-fiction, such as technical writing or journalism, which is also rooted in accurate fact, but is not primarily written in service to its craft.
   • As a genre, creative non-fiction is still ==relatively young== and is only beginning to be scrutinized with the same critical analysis given to fiction and poetry.
   • ==1000 Gifts== by Ann Voscamp and ==Wind, Sand, and Stars== by Antoine de Saint-Exupery are examples.
   10. Science Fiction:
   • Is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with ==imaginative concepts== such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, a parallel universe and extra terrestrial life.
   • Often explores the ==potential consequences of scientific== and other innovations and has been called a ==“literature of ideas”==.
   • Examples include Suzanne Collins’ ==Mockingjay== and Sarah Maas’ ==Kingdom of Ash.==
   10. Blog:
   • A weblog, a website containing ==short articles called posts== that are changed regularly.
   • Some blogs are written by one person containing their ==own opinions, interests and experiences==, while others are written by different people.
   10. Hyper Poetry:
   • ==Digital poetry== that uses links using ==hypertext mark-up==.
   • It can either involved set words, phrases, lines, etc. that are presented in variable order but sit on the page much as traditional poetry does, or it can ==contain parts of the poem== that ==move and mutate==.
   • It is ==usually found online==, through CD-ROM and diskette versions exist. The ==earliest examples date to no later than the mid-1980’s==.

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