PR2 CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

• Author: Jeffrey Alba

• Course: Practical Research 2

• Year: 2024

Research Expectations

• State research questions.

• Indicate scope and delimitation of study.

• Present a written statement of the problem.

• Illustrate and explain the research paradigm.

• Define terms used in the study.

• Present a written review of related literature and conceptual framework.

• Objective of the research is outlined.

1.1. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE & STUDIES

• Purpose: To provide an overview of sources explored while researching a topic.

• Sources include:

  • Journals

  • Theses

  • Conference Proceedings

  • Books

  • Textbooks

Importance of Literature Review in Research

• Offers Interpretation: Helps interpret existing literature.

• Brings Out Dialects: Highlights contradictions between various thoughts.

• Indicates Current Research Position: Positions the current research in the field.

• Calculating Impact: Assesses the impact of the latest information.

• Research Gaps: Initial scrutiny explores further gaps in existing studies.

• Information for Relevancy: Ensures the study remains relevant and coherent.

TIPS IN WRITING REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

• Gather related studies preferably from the last 5 years.

• Preference for published studies over unpublished manuscripts.

Highlighting Key Concepts

• Describe key concepts and their relevance to your research paper (similar variables, methodologies).

• Provide synthesis towards the end after presenting studies chronologically.

Inclusion and Presentation of Studies

• No specific number of studies is required.

• Avoid unnecessary discussions that add thickness to the manuscript.

• Relevant studies should support the claim in the presentation of results.

APA Citation Guidelines

• Parenthetical citation:

  • 1 author: (Smart, 2016, p. 12)

  • 2 authors: (Smart & Mills, 2002, pp. 41-42)

  • 3+ authors: (Smart et al., 2010, pp. 16, 22)

• Narrative citation:

  • Include the author's name in a sentence followed by the year in parentheses.

  • Example: Smith (2010) discusses...

• Reference citation format:

  • Author last name, First initial. (Year, Month Day). Title. URL

• Example: Solumn, J. (2020, September 10). Explorations of genes. The New Yorker.

1.2 Background of the Study

• An introduction showing why the research topic merits attention.

Characteristics of a Good Background of the Study

• Orients readers on why the study is conducted (significance).

• Starts from a global perspective narrowing down to specific relevance.

• Engages readers’ emotions to inspire interest.

• Maintains simplicity, clarity, and relation to the topic.

Parts of the Background of the Study

• Discussion of the Topic

• Basic Literature Foundation

• Seriousness of the Problem

• Research Gap

• Purpose/Objectives of the study

1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

• Addresses what problem the research will tackle clearly.

Writing General Statement of the Problem

• Must use single sentences, not compound.

• Clearly expresses the purpose; includes the central phenomenon.

• Uses qualitative terms like explore, discover, and explain.

• Identifies the participants and states the research site.

Sample Pattern of General Statement of Purpose (SOP)

• Template includes:

  • Purpose/Nature of Study: Type of research (narrative, phenomenological, etc.).

  • Objective: What central phenomenon will be explored?

  • Participants: Who is included?

  • Setting: Where will the research take place?

  • Definition of Central Phenomenon: General definition of the concept being studied.

Examples of General SOP

• Example 1: Intrapersonal and interpersonal competencies of school principals and school effectiveness.

• Example 2: Differentiating customs and traditions of Aetas.

• Example 3: Study habits of top 10 high school students.

1.4. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

• Scope: Identifies the topic intended for evaluation.

• Delimitations: Boundaries based on inclusion/exclusion decisions.

Guidelines on How to Write a Scope & Delimitation

• WHY: The research's general aims and objectives.

• WHAT: Subject and included variables.

• WHERE: Location or setting of the study.

• WHEN: Time frame for data collection.

• WHO: Subject matter and population.

• HOW: Description of research design, methodology, and techniques.

Example Studies: Counseling Skills and Emotional Intelligence of Christian Ministers

• Overview of how data is collected and the limitations of the study.

1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

• Outlines contributions to knowledge, gaps filled, or new understandings.

Types of Research Significance

• Practical Significance: Direct applicability of findings to real-world contexts.

• Theoretical Significance: Contribution to existing theories, confirming or proposing new ones.

• Future Research Significance: Opens new areas of investigation and suggests further research methodologies.

Findings on Financial Technology in Managing Personal Finances

• Practical implications for college students, financial institutions, and educational institutions.

• Insights into student behaviors and the importance of financial education in colleges.

1.6. DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Ensures clarity in understanding study components.

Types of Definition

• Conceptual Definition: Based on dictionary definitions.

• Operational Definition: Definition based on the study's use of terms.

Counseling Skills and Emotional Intelligence Definitions

• Christian Ministers: Roles and responsibilities in the faith community.

• Counseling Ministry: Providing emotional and spiritual support.

• Emotional Intelligence: Recognizing and managing emotions.

• Mental Health: Overview of psychological well-being.

• Pastoral Counseling: Integrating faith in counseling practices.