exam 2

Study Guide – Brain & Behavior (Chapters 4–6)

Chapter 4 – Genetics, Development, and Plasticity

• Epigenetics and gene expression changes

• PKU as an example of gene-environment interaction

• Neurotrophins and neuronal survival

• Brain plasticity and synaptogenesis

• Effects of fetal alcohol syndrome

• Stroke types and treatment (e.g., tPA for ischemia)

• Phantom limb and cortical reorganization

Chapter 5 – Vision

• Ventral vs. Dorsal visual pathways

• Blindsight and V1 damage

• Color vision theories (trichromatic, opponent-process, Retinex)

• Role of rods vs. cones

• Motion detection and Area MT/V5

• Face perception and fusiform gyrus

• Visual agnosia and object recognition

Chapter 6 – Hearing, Mechanical, and Chemical Senses

• Conductive vs. sensorineural deafness

• Pitch perception theories (place, frequency, volley)

• Vestibular and somatosensory systems

• Pain processing and gate control theory

• Olfaction and its direct cortical pathway

• Taste receptors and umami

• Synesthesia and sensory overlap