module 2

Introduction to Project Scheduling

• Definition: The process of outlining project activities, assigning timeframes, and determining the sequence of tasks to ensure timely completion.

• Importance of Effective Scheduling:

  • Enhances productivity.

  • Optimizes resource utilization.

  • Reduces delays.

  • Ensures project milestones are met efficiently.

• Impact of Poor Scheduling on Project Success:

  • Leads to cost overruns.

  • Causes missed deadlines.

  • Results in inefficient resource use.

  • Lowers stakeholder confidence.

Essential Scheduling Tools and Techniques

• Tools and techniques for effective project scheduling.

Gantt Chart

• Visual representation that shows what has to be done (the activities) and when (the schedule).

Critical Path Method (CPM)

• Finding the Critical Path:

  1. List project tasks and details.

  2. Identify task dependencies for the project.

  3. Create a network diagram of tasks.

  4. Estimate each task duration.

  5. Find the critical path based on the longest sequence.

  6. Calculate the total float.

• Definition: A technique that identifies tasks necessary for project completion, focusing on the longest sequence of activities that must be finished on time.

PERT Chart

• Steps to Create a PERT Chart:

  1. Identify project tasks.

  2. Define task dependencies.

  3. Connect project tasks.

  4. Estimate project timeframe.

  5. Manage task progress.

• Definition: A PERT chart is a visual project management tool for mapping out and tracking tasks and timelines, standing for Project (or Program) Evaluation and Review Technique.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

• Definition: A deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team.

• Types of WBS:

  1. Deliverable-Based

  2. Phase-Based

• The Deliverable-Based approach is the most common and preferred.

Budget Allocation in WBS

• Example of a budget distribution in various project phases:

  • Construction of a House:

    • Total Budget: $215,500

    • Internal Work (45.60%) - $86,000

    • Foundation Work (24.00%) - $46,000

    • External Work (30.40%) - $83,500

• Utilize control accounts to manage components:

  • Internal Work includes Electrical, Plumbing, and Foundation.

  • Planning packages outline detailed tasks.

Logical Relationships in Precedence Diagramming Method

• Types of Dependencies:

  • Finish-to-Start (FS): Predecessor must complete before successor starts.

  • Finish-to-Finish (FF): Successor requires predecessor to finish before it can complete.

  • Start-to-Start (SS): Predecessor must start before the successor can begin.

  • Start-to-Finish (SF): Predecessor must start before the successor can finish (rarely used).

Resource Commitment and Allocation

• Definition of Resource Management: Planning, allocating, and utilizing resources efficiently to meet project goals and deadlines.

Types of Resources

• Human Resources: Skilled labor, technical experts, project managers, and administrative support.

• Material Resources: Construction materials, tools, machinery, and office supplies.

• Financial Resources: Budget allocations, funding sources, cash flow management, and cost control.

Strategies for Effective Resource Allocation

• Prioritization Techniques: Assign priority levels based on task urgency and importance.

• Resource Leveling vs. Resource Smoothing:

  • Leveling: Adjusting dates to prevent overallocation.

  • Smoothing: Keeping resources within limits without changing duration.

• Addressing Resource Constraints: Early identification of bottlenecks and strategic reallocation of resources.

Managing On-Site Risks and Unforeseen Challenges

• Definition of On-Site Risks: Risks arising during project execution, often due to unpredictability affecting cost and timelines.

• Common Risks:

  • Weather delays, labor shortages, material delivery issues, design changes, and safety hazards.

Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies

• Techniques for Risk Identification: Risk register, SWOT analysis, stakeholder input.

• Mitigation Strategies: Contingency planning, alternative resource allocation, communication tools, and progress monitoring.