Unit 9 Review

Vocabulary Word

Definition 

Personal Connection/Drawing/Doodle 

Social Psychology 

the branch of psychology that deals with social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual.

Attribution Theory 

People attempt to understand events and actions by attributing intentions, beliefs, and feelings to event as being internal or external

Trying to understand events as internal or external

Fundamental attribution error

the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others' behavior.

Attitude 

a set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors toward a particular object, person, thing, or event.

Example- being mad at dogs

Peripheral route to persuasion

when a person is persuaded by something other than the argument that's central to the merits of the product or idea being put forth.

Having a popular athlete advertise shoes to encourage young adults to buy 

Central route to persuasion 

when a person is persuaded by the actual argument about the merits of the product or idea.

A car company seeking to persuade you to buy there model by emphasizing the cars safety features  

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

a compliance tactic that aims at getting a person to agree to a large request by having them agree to a modest request first. 

Asking someone to shop for cake ingredients first and then asking them to help you bake the cake.

Role

considers most of everyday activity to be the acting-out of socially defined categories (e.g., mother, manager, teacher). Each role is a set of rights, duties, expectations, norms, and behaviors that a person has to face and fulfill.

The roles of a mother, scientist, etc.

Conformity 

The act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms or standards

Peer pressure

Normative social influence

The desire to be included the “in group” of society and culture

To be liked and accepted in a group

Informational social influence

Being influenced by others peoples information rather than group norms

Choosing a restaurant based on online ratings 

Social facilitation

An increase in response merely from the sight of sound of others making the same movement( people working harder on tasks in the presence of others)

An musician performing better in the presence of a audience 

Social loafing 

People are less productive working as an team

Working in a group project and not working as hard as you would doing it alone 

Deindividuation

when individuals lose their self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations

The formation and operation of gangs 

Group polarization

when a group of like-minded people reinforce each other's opinions, positive or negative, and these opinions become more extreme as they're discussed.

Teens together in the car make riskier decisions then 1 teen alone 

Groupthink

a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.

The leader of the group telling the members of the group to ban all members of a particular ethnic group and they doing it without question 

Culture 

the values, beliefs, language, rituals, traditions, and other behaviors that are passed from one generation to another within any social group.

Norm 

the accepted standards of behavior for any given group.

Prejudice

a preconceived judgment, opinion or attitude directed toward certain people based on their membership in a particular group.

Stereotype 

a fixed, oversimplified, and often biased belief about a group of people.

Discrimination 

the ability to perceive and respond to differences among stimuli. 

Ingroup bias

the tendency to favor one's own group, its members, its characteristics, and its products, particularly in reference to other groups.

Scapegoat theory 

The theory suggests that much prejudice is rooted in one group blaming another for all the sins or harm that they encounter.

Other-race effect 

a well-documented phenomenon showing that people are generally better at recognizing faces of their own race, compared to faces of different races.

Aggression 

any behavior or act aimed at harming a person or animal or damaging physical property. 

Frustration-aggression principle 

frustration often leads to aggressive behavior

Social script 

a set of actions that are previously expected by an individual in certain circumstances or contexts.

Mere exposure effect

which people tend to develop liking or disliking for things merely because they are familiar with them.

Passionate love 

a type of love in which emotional arousal and usually sexual passion are prominent features

Companionate love 

a deep commitment between two people who share affection for each other but who lack sexual desire or passion.

Equity 

what individuals are likely to view as a fair return from activities involving themselves and a number of other people.

self-disclosure

sharing personal information – such as your thoughts, dreams, fears, goals, preferences, and experiences.

Altruism

a motivational state that a person possesses with the goal of increasing the welfare of another person.

Bystander effect 

individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim in the presence of other people.

Social exchange theory 

the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits.

Reciprocity norm 

The norm of reciprocity requires that people repay in kind what others have done for them. 

Social-responsibility norm 

a societal expectation that people should engage in positive social behavior to contribute to the welfare of their community as a whole.

Conflict 

the arousal of two or more strong motives that cannot be solved together. 

Social trap

a conflict of interest or perverse incentive where individuals or a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole.

Mirror image perceptions

the human tendency to see oneself (especially while in the throes of conflict) as the opposite of the person with whom they are having a conflict.

Self fulling prophecy 

Tendency to blame external forces when bad things happen and to give ourselves credit when good things happen 

Superordinate goals 

a goal that takes precedence over one or more other, more conditional goals

GRIT

graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction.

Phillip Zimbardo

Worked on stanford prison experiment 

Stanley milgram

Worked on milgram experiment

Solomon asch

Known for conformity experiments

Leon festinger 

Known for theory on cognitive dissonance