• Domestic tourist: Holiday spent at home/resident country.

• Outgoing tourist: Holiday spent abroad in country other than residence.

• Principals: suppliers of the travel and tourism industry products.

• Transportation: Different methods of getting to destination, can be by land, sea or air.

• Leisure tourists: People who are visiting somewhere to have fun and relax, making use of their free time in order to do so. Can be divided into day trippers, overnight visitors, short break, or holiday takers.

• Business tourists: People travelling for business meetings such as sale trips, attendance at conferences and trade shows. These people spend high amounts of money for premium fares, for the purpose of MICE.

• MICE: Meetings, events designed to bring people together for exchange of information. Incentives, include travel as a part of motivational incentive scheme to increase reward for employee effort. Conferences, multi-day events having at least 100 delegates attending for the purpose of exchanging information. Exhibitions, bringing people together for purpose of viewing products and services.

• Visiting friends and relatives (VFR): returning back to the country of origin for a period of time for purpose of visit.

• Travel agent: Main role is to sell holidays and ancillary products (insurance, car hire etc), provide information and advise customers. They can have multiple branches, called multiples, or be an independent agency called a miniple. They acts as intermediaries between destinations and potential customers.

• Tour operator: Main role is to combine travel components and create a package holiday, as this can be very convenient and easy for the customers.

• Accommodation providers: Tourists need somewhere to stay, and accommodation can be of many types such as

1. Hotel- Establishment of at least 10 rooms that has high standards and offers dining services.

2. Motel- Similar to a small hotel situated next to a road that is usually meant for overnight rest.

3. Guesthouse: Establishment of at least 5 rooms that offers dining services.

Accommodation can be of 2 types: Serviced or self-catering. You may also have a half board (breakfast and lunch), or a all-inclusive (breakfast, lunch, dinner) meal plan.

• Attractions: Places in a destination which provide provide an oppurtunity for relaxation, amusement, entertainment and education. They can be classified as natural (mountains, lakes, forests) or built (theme parks, museums).

• National Tourism Organisation, NTOS: Their mission is to increase the value of inbound tourism into a particular country that they are situated in. Usually the government would set a target and the NTO would create and implement a strategy.

• Economic impacts of tourism:

Positive:

1. Creates jobs, leading to multiplier effect (money being spent over and over).

2. Area becomes more popular, leading to higher income and higher profits.

3. Higher Country GDP.

4. Government invests more in infrastructure.

Negative:

1. Import leakage, when the host country cant provide for the tourist with certain food, drink or equipment, so income money is spent to import these items from other countries.

2. Export leakage, when big companies invest and make profit in a country, but take their profits somewhere else.

• Environmental impacts of tourism:

Positive:

1. Leads to environmental protection by the government.

2. Sustainable use of natural resources.

3. Conservation of biological diversity.

Negative:

1. Increase in energy consumption, leading to more pollution.

2. Natural habitat loss to accommodate more attractions.

3. Higher vulnerability of forest fires.

More trash discharges into sea.

• Socio-cultural impacts of tourism:

Positive:

1. Better infrastructure throughout the country.

2. Happier residents.

3. Health and transport sector improvements.

Negative:

1. Demonstration effect, when locals copy tourist actions and style, leading to erosion of loacl culture.

2. Commodification, when ethnic and religious rituals are reduced to conform to tourists

3. Globalization, when tourists prefer well known worldwide brands rather than local ones

4. Loss of authenticity, when cultural activities are completely changed to give a false image of the host country.

5. Culture clash, when tourists fail to respect local customs and values, often leading to issues.

6. Crime, with increased numbers of tourists, so does the rate of crime.