13Solvent&VOCs

Here are flashcards based on the "Solvents and VOCs" handout you uploaded. You can use these to quiz yourself or convert them into a digital flashcard app like Anki or Quizlet:

Flashcard 1
Q: What is a solvent in toxicology?
A: Organic compounds that are liquid, often volatile, lipophilic, non-polar, and absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, or skin.

Flashcard 2
Q: What enzymes metabolize ethanol?
A: Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).

Flashcard 3
Q: What happens with a mutation in ALDH2?
A: Leads to acetaldehyde accumulation, increasing cancer risk and ethanol toxicity.

Flashcard 4
Q: How does ethanol affect the brain?
A: Acts as a GABA receptor agonist (sedative) and NMDA receptor antagonist (memory loss).

Flashcard 5
Q: What is the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the liver?
A: Can cause fatty liver, cirrhosis, and induce CYP2E1 which alters metabolism of other toxicants.

Flashcard 6
Q: What are symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)?
A: Learning disabilities, low birth weight, skeletal abnormalities, depression, etc.

Flashcard 7
Q: Why is ethanol a Group 1 carcinogen?
A: Due to acetaldehyde mutagenicity, CYP2E1 induction, and solvent action increasing carcinogen absorption.

Flashcard 8
Q: What are signs of methanol poisoning?
A: Blurred vision or blindness due to formate buildup.

Flashcard 9
Q: What are the 3 stages of ethylene glycol poisoning?
A: Inebriation, cardiopulmonary issues, kidney toxicity (from calcium oxalate).

Flashcard 10
Q: What are health effects of benzene exposure?
A: AML (acute myelogenous leukemia), reduced blood cells, and immune suppression.

Flashcard 11
Q: How is benzene metabolized?
A: Via CYP2E1 to toxic benzoquinones that damage DNA and proteins.

Flashcard 12
Q: What are symptoms of toluene inhalation?
A: Confusion, memory loss, hearing/vision problems; can affect GABA, NMDA, serotonin receptors.

Flashcard 13
Q: What syndrome is associated with chronic solvent exposure?
A: Chronic solvent encephalopathy ("painters syndrome").

Flashcard 14
Q: What are effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)?
A: Liver damage via free radical (ROS) formation.

Flashcard 15
Q: What is the main health concern with tetrachloroethylene (PERC)?
A: Liver and kidney toxicity, potential cancer risk; less toxic to humans than rats.

Flashcard 16
Q: What is BTEX?
A: Common groundwater solvents: Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes.

Flashcard 17
Q: What are VOCs?
A: Volatile organic compounds that easily become vapors, often found indoors.

Flashcard 18
Q: Indoor sources of VOCs?
A: New furniture, electronics, air fresheners, perfumes, copiers, etc.

Flashcard 19
Q: How is ventilation rate measured and why is it important?
A: CFM/person. Higher rates improve air quality and reduce VOC exposure.

Would you like these exported into a document or formatted for a flashcard app?Here are flashcards based on the "Solvents and VOCs" handout you uploaded. You can use these to quiz yourself or convert them into a digital flashcard app like Anki or Quizlet:

Flashcard 1
Q: What is a solvent in toxicology?
A: Organic compounds that are liquid, often volatile, lipophilic, non-polar, and absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, or skin.

Flashcard 2
Q: What enzymes metabolize ethanol?
A: Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).

Flashcard 3
Q: What happens with a mutation in ALDH2?
A: Leads to acetaldehyde accumulation, increasing cancer risk and ethanol toxicity.

Flashcard 4
Q: How does ethanol affect the brain?
A: Acts as a GABA receptor agonist (sedative) and NMDA receptor antagonist (memory loss).

Flashcard 5
Q: What is the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the liver?
A: Can cause fatty liver, cirrhosis, and induce CYP2E1 which alters metabolism of other toxicants.

Flashcard 6
Q: What are symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)?
A: Learning disabilities, low birth weight, skeletal abnormalities, depression, etc.

Flashcard 7
Q: Why is ethanol a Group 1 carcinogen?
A: Due to acetaldehyde mutagenicity, CYP2E1 induction, and solvent action increasing carcinogen absorption.

Flashcard 8
Q: What are signs of methanol poisoning?
A: Blurred vision or blindness due to formate buildup.

Flashcard 9
Q: What are the 3 stages of ethylene glycol poisoning?
A: Inebriation, cardiopulmonary issues, kidney toxicity (from calcium oxalate).

Flashcard 10
Q: What are health effects of benzene exposure?
A: AML (acute myelogenous leukemia), reduced blood cells, and immune suppression.

Flashcard 11
Q: How is benzene metabolized?
A: Via CYP2E1 to toxic benzoquinones that damage DNA and proteins.

Flashcard 12
Q: What are symptoms of toluene inhalation?
A: Confusion, memory loss, hearing/vision problems; can affect GABA, NMDA, serotonin receptors.

Flashcard 13
Q: What syndrome is associated with chronic solvent exposure?
A: Chronic solvent encephalopathy ("painters syndrome").

Flashcard 14
Q: What are effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)?
A: Liver damage via free radical (ROS) formation.

Flashcard 15
Q: What is the main health concern with tetrachloroethylene (PERC)?
A: Liver and kidney toxicity, potential cancer risk; less toxic to humans than rats.

Flashcard 16
Q: What is BTEX?
A: Common groundwater solvents: Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes.

Flashcard 17
Q: What are VOCs?
A: Volatile organic compounds that easily become vapors, often found indoors.

Flashcard 18
Q: Indoor sources of VOCs?
A: New furniture, electronics, air fresheners, perfumes, copiers, etc.

Flashcard 19
Q: How is ventilation rate measured and why is it important?
A: CFM/person. Higher rates improve air quality and reduce VOC exposure.

Would you like these exported into a document or formatted for a flashcard app?