Land-Based vs. Maritime Empires

Land-Based Empires

• Russia, Qing Dynasty, Safavid, Ottoman, Mughal

• The latter three are known as the "gunpowder empires."

Russia

• Became Russia after throwing out the Mongols.

• Before, it was a mix of Slavics and Vikings.

• The Mongols, specifically the Golden Horde, had taken over.

• Later, one of the Ivans expelled the Mongols, establishing Russia.

Qing Dynasty

• Originated from Manchu/Manchuria.

• It was a foreign dynasty.

• Maintained many Ming policies.

Safavid

• Shia Muslim.

• Located in present-day Iran or Persia.

• Engaged in centuries-long wars with the Mughal and Ottoman Empires.

• Eventually disappeared and became Iran.

Ottoman

• Sunni Muslim.

• Of Turkish origin.

Mughal

• Sunni Muslim.

• Also of Turkish/Mongol origin.

Maritime Empires

• Empires that expanded via the ocean.

Key Players

• Britain (England)

• France

• Spain

• Dutch

• Portugal

France, Spain, and Portugal

• Focused on exploration for new trade routes.

• Operated through monarchies.

Britain and the Dutch

• Exploited resources and trade through East India Companies.

• Utilized joint-stock companies for funding.

DBQ and Essay Writing Strategies

• Focus on 1-2 empires, not all empires.

• For SAQs, write down everything known about the time period.

• Russia took over Siberia during this time period.

• Soft gold refers to valuable fur from Russia. This was a valuable trade commodity.

SAQ Strategy

• Write what you know about the time period.

• Make notes to generate ideas.

DBQ Strategy (If Lost)

• Summarize and analyze each document.

• Write: "Document X says this, and it means this."

• Develop a thesis statement from the documents.

• Summarizing and analyzing the documents could potentially earn 3-4 points.

• The SAQ is out of three points.