PF

U3 Groups and Properties

Double Bubble Comparison

  • Compare and contrast yourself with a family member (Ms. Langer, Grace).

    • Differences:

    • Don’t like bananas vs. likes bananas

    • Favorite movie: The Princess Bride vs. Oceans 11

    • Similarities:

    • Both involved in sports (volleyball/other).

Honors Chemistry - Unit 3 Day 2

Families and Characteristics

  • Lecture Topics:

    • Families/Groups

    • Characteristics of Groups

  • Summary:

    • Test your knowledge.

Homework Assignments

  • Complete INSPIRE Unit 3 by Monday, 9/22 at 10:00 PM.

  • Note: "You want to be wise? Do your homework!"

Test Redemption Process in Chemistry

  • One test redemption allowed per semester.

  • Decide to redeem after exams are returned:

    • One week to complete the redemption process.

    • Corrections made during office hours with a chemistry teacher.

    • Turn in completed test review when retaking the exam.

    • Retake a different version during lunch within the week after the exam is returned.

    • Average original and new exam grades.

Chemical Elements Overview

  • Chemical Name, Atomic Number (number of protons), Chemical Symbol, Average Atomic Mass in AMU.

Periodic Table of Elements Characteristics

  1. Metals:

    • Shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductors of electricity.

    • Lose electrons to form positively charged ions.

    • Examples: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu).

  2. Nonmetals:

    • Not shiny, brittle, poor conductors.

    • Gain electrons to form negatively charged ions.

    • Examples: Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N).

  3. Metalloids:

    • Properties of both metals and nonmetals.

    • Semiconductors of electricity.

    • Examples: Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge).

Families of the Periodic Table

  • Family Characteristics:

    • Similar valence electrons lead to similar chemical properties.

  • Specific Families:

    • Alkali Metals (Group 1):

    • Soft, highly reactive metals (e.g., Lithium, Sodium, Potassium).

    • React violently with water, forming hydroxides.

    • Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2):

    • Reactive metals (e.g., Magnesium, Calcium).

    • React with water to form hydroxides; reactivity increases down the group.

    • Noble Gases (Group 18):

    • Inert, colorless, odorless.

    • Not typically reactive (e.g., Helium, Neon).

    • Halogens (Group 17):

    • Very reactive nonmetals with low melting and boiling points.

    • Examples: Fluorine, Chlorine.

    • Transition Metals:

    • Various oxidation states; can form colored compounds.

    • Examples: Gold (Au), Silver (Ag).

Periods and Groups

  • The periodic table consists of periods (horizontal) and groups/families (vertical).

  • Fill in color coding for groups in your periodic table coloring exercise.

## Summary of Reactions

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals Reactions:

  • Alkali Metals generally react with water to form metal hydroxides and release hydrogen gas.

  • Alkaline Earth Metals also react to form metal hydroxides but are less reactive than alkali metals.

  • Noble gases are stable due to having a full valence shell.

Examples of Elemental Properties

  • Alkali Metals:

    • Lithium (Li): Melting Point = 180.5 °C.

    • Sodium (Na): Melting Point = 97.7 °C.

  • Alkaline Earth Metals:

    • Magnesium (Mg): Melting Point = 650 °C.

    • Calcium (Ca): Melting Point = 839 °C.

  • Noble Gases:

    • Helium (He): Melting Point = -272 °C (inert).

    • Neon (Ne): Melting Point = -248.6 °C (inert).

  • Halogens:

    • Fluorine (F): Melting Point = -219.6 °C, very reactive.

Conclusion

  • Understanding families and their properties is essential in predicting how elements will react with one another during chemical reactions.