Chapter 3_Chemical Composition of Matter_G2G3

Chemical Compositions

Page 2: Learning Objectives

  • Core Ideas

    • Elements are the basic building blocks of matter.

    • Classification of matter into elements, compounds, and mixtures based on chemical composition.

  • Learning Outcomes

    • Recognize different types of elements in the Periodic Table (e.g., metals and non-metals).

    • Understand the importance of chemical composition in everyday items.

    • Distinguish between solute, solvent, and solution.

    • Understand solutions and suspensions as mixtures.

Page 3-4: Application of Chemical Composition

  • Impact on Daily Life

    • Knowledge of chemical composition can influence product safety (e.g., melamine in plastics vs. food).

    • Example: In 2008, melamine was illegally added to milk powder, leading to health crises.

Page 6-10: Understanding Elements

  • Definition of Elements

    • Simplest form of matter, cannot be broken down further.

    • Each element has a unique name and symbol.

  • Classification of Elements

    • Two main groups: Metals and Non-metals.

    • Distinct physical and chemical properties.

Page 11-12: Periodic Table

  • Structure of the Periodic Table

    • Elements are systematically grouped.

    • Vertical columns (groups) share similar chemical properties.

    • Horizontal rows (periods) show gradual changes in properties.

Page 22-24: Compounds

  • Definition and Properties

    • Compounds consist of two or more different elements chemically joined.

    • Properties differ from constituent elements and are in fixed mass ratios.

Page 27-31: Mixtures

  • Definition and Properties

    • Mixtures consist of different elements or compounds not chemically combined.

    • Individual properties of substances remain intact.

    • Mixtures can be separated by physical methods.

Page 36-39: Types of Mixtures

  • Solutions vs. Suspensions

    • Solutions: Homogeneous mixtures where solute particles are dissolved.

    • Suspensions: Heterogeneous mixtures where particles settle over time.

Page 42-45: Solubility and Factors Affecting It

  • Definition of Solubility

    • Ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.

  • Factors Affecting Solubility

    • Type of solute and solvent.

    • Temperature increases solubility.

  • Factors Affecting Rate of Dissolving

    • Surface area, temperature, and stirring speed up the process.

Page 47: Summary of Matter

  • Types of Matter

    • Pure substances: Elements and Compounds.

    • Mixtures: Solutions and Suspensions.

Page 48-52: Checkpoints and Applications

  • Understanding Saturation

    • A saturated solution cannot dissolve more solute.

  • Identifying Suspensions

    • Examples include sand in water, where the solute does not dissolve.

  • Practical Application

    • Investigate the chemical composition of food preservatives and their effects on food sustainability.