Social studies

Vocabulary

atmosphere: the layer of gases earth.

axis: an imaginary line that runs through Earth’s center from the North Pole to the South Pole.

biodiversity: the wide variety of life on Earth.

collapse: a sudden failure, breakdown, or ruin.

communism: a system of government in which the government controls the ways of producing goods.

constitution: a document setting the structure and powers of a government and the rights of people in a country.

culture: the set of beliefs, behaviors, and traits shared by a group of people.

currency: the paper money and coins in circulation.

dialect: a regional variety of a language with unique features, such as vocabulary, grammar or pronunciation.

emigrate: to leave one’s home to live in another place.

establish: to start.

genocide: the mass murder of people from a particular ethnic group.

globalization: the process by which nations, cultures, and economies become mixed.

immigrate: to enter and live in a new country.

Imperialism: a policy by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world.

Allies: during WW2, the nations who fought against the axis, mainly Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union. Won.

Axis: during WW2, the nations who fought against the Allies, mainly Germany, Italy and Japan.

Allied powers: during WW1, the nations who fought against the Central Powers, mainly Great Britain, France, Russia and later the United States.

Central Powers: during WW1, the nations who fought against the Allied Powers, mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the ottoman empire.

atomic bomb: a type of bomb developed during WW2 that uses atomic reactions to create a massive explosion. Atomic bombs were dropped by the US on Japan to end the war.

Donald John trump

  • He was born on June 14, 1946.

  • He was the 45th and is the 47th US president.

  • He is a business man, politician, media personality, and member of the republican party.

  • He served his first term from January 20, 2017 to 2021, and his second term since January 20, 2025.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

  • Was the 32nd President of the USA and led the nation during WW2, in which he used the radio to speak to the people.

  • He had polio and couldn’t walk very well.

  • He was elected during the Great depression and was president when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

  • He created the new deal to help Americans.

  • His picture is on the dime and has a memorial in washington DC.

    World War II direct causes

  • The European entry to the war was because Germany invaded poland.

  • The american entry to the war was because Pearl Harbor’s attack.

    World War II indirect causes

  • Nationalism

  • Treaty of Versailles too harsh and Hitler violated it

  • Policy of Appeasement failed (to relieve or pacify)

  • League of Nations failed

  • Imperialism (expansion) and militarism (aggression) of axis powers.

  • Democratic nations were passive.

The great depression

Was a period of economic crisis in the US and the world during 1929-1939. It was characterized for poverty, unemployment and business failures.

Pearl Harbor

When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) to seize resources and display the US as a dominant powers. This attack marked the official entry of the US into WW2. This attack took place on December 7th, 1942. The japanese attacked the US because of its economy, oil was a main reason and the urge to build and empire of its own.

New deal

It was a group of US government programs in the 1930s. President FDR established these programs to help the country recover from the great depression. Some new deal programs gave jobs to unemployed people.

Goals: Relief, recover, reform

Lend-Lease Act

Was a law passed in 1941 that allowed to lend or lease war supplies to countries that were vital to the US defense. The act was intended to the Allies in WW2 without the US directly entering the war.

Treaty of Versailles

Was a peace agreement signed in June 28, 1919 that ended WW1. It was signed in the Palace of Versailles by the Allied powers and Germany.

Key terms:

  • Germany was forced to pay reparations to the allies.

  • Was forced to disarm.

  • Forced to give up overseas colonies

  • to make territorial concessions

  • yo accept responsibility for starting WW1

  • Was excluded from the League of nations.

Woodrow Wilson

As a president, he led the USA into world war I and led the league of nations.

World War II

  • Before joining World War II, the U.S. remained neutral but provided supplies to allies, especially Great Britain.

  • In 1939, Germany invaded Poland, starting the war in Europe.

  • President Franklin D. Roosevelt initially wanted the U.S. to stay out of the war but supported Great Britain through the Lend-Lease Act.

  • The Lend-Lease Act (passed in March 1941) allowed the U.S. to send military supplies (like tanks, planes, weapons, food, medicine, etc.) to countries fighting against Germany.

  • On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, destroying ships and killing over 2,000 Americans and destroying ships.

  • This attack caused a shift in public opinion, and the U.S. declared war on Japan the next day, officially entering World War II.

  • By 1940, when Great Britain was in a desperate situation against Germany, The country was running low on supplies and ammunition.

  • Europe was the central war zone.