DNA Review Study Set

1. DNA Replication and Complementary Strands

• Question: During DNA replication, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, what will the complementary strand be?

  • Answer: d. GGATCGA

2. Components of DNA

• Question: Which of the following is NOT found in DNA?

  • Answer: c. uracil

3. Process of Transformation

• Question: What is the process in which a bacterium takes up foreign DNA called?

  • Answer: d. transformation

4. Functions of mRNA and tRNA

• True/False:

  1. The function of mRNA is to combine with proteins to form ribosomes.

     • Answer: False

  2. The function of tRNA is to provide instruction for assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

     • Answer: False

  3. The function of mRNA is to deliver amino acids to a ribosome for their addition into a growing polypeptide chain.

     • Answer: False

  4. In the process of transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the DNA.

     • Answer: True

  5. There are three nitrogenous bases for each codon on the mRNA.

     • Answer: True

5. Gene Expression Flow Map

• Directions: Complete the flow map to show the processes of gene expression.

1. Step 1: Transcription (occurs in the nucleus)

   • 1a: RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands.

   • 1b: RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to form a single strand of RNA.

   • 1c: Introns are cut out and exons are spliced together to form the mRNA.

   • 1d: mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome.

2. Step 2: Translation (occurs in the ribosome)

   • 2a: tRNA brings the anticodon along with the appropriate amino acid and binds to the mRNA.

   • 2b: Upon bonding with the mRNA, tRNA drops off the amino acid and is free to pick up more if needed.

   • 2c: The process continues until the ribosome reaches the stop codon.

   • 2d: The ribosome joins the amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.

6. Nucleotide Structure

• Question: What does a nucleotide consist of?

  • Answer: 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

7. DNA and mRNA Sequences

• Question: The base sequence for a strand of mRNA is: CUCAAGUGCUUC. What would be the DNA strand it was made from?

  • Answer: GAG TTC ACG AAG

• Question: If the DNA sequence is A C A T C G A T A C T G A A, what is the transcribed mRNA sequence?

  • Answer: UGU AGC UAU GAC UU

• Question: What would be the complementary DNA sequence to the sequence UGU AGC UAU GAC UU?

  • Answer: TGT AGC TAT GAC TT

8. Differences Between DNA and RNA

• Question: List three differences between DNA and RNA.

  • Answer:

    • DNA Sugar: Deoxyribose / RNA Sugar: Ribose

    • DNA: Double-stranded / RNA: Single-stranded

    • DNA has Thymine (Adenine - Thymine) / RNA has Uracil (Adenine - Uracil)

9. RNA and DNA Sequences for Amino Acids

• Question: What are the RNA and DNA sequences for the amino acid chain: Methionine, Tryptophan, and Lysine?

  • Answer: (Note: This will vary based on the genetic code chart)

    • RNA sequence: (Find using the codon chart)

    • DNA sequence: (Find complementary base pairs for the RNA codons)

10. Chromosomal Mutations

• Question: Complete the Table of types of chromosomal mutations.
  (Study different types like deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.)

11. Gene Expression Sequence

• Question: Which statement is correct regarding gene expression?

  • Answer: a. DNA → RNA Polymerase → mRNA → Ribosome → Protein

12. Protein Chain Formation

• Question: Use the genetic code chart to determine what protein chain is made from the mRNA strand: 5' - AUG UUU AAA UAA GGG UUU GUA - 3'.

  • Answer: Methionine-Phenylalanine-Lysine

13. RNA from DNA Coding Strand

• Question: What would be the RNA strand transcribed from the DNA coding strand 5' - A A G G G G - 3'?

  • Answer: UUCCCC

14. RNA from DNA Template Strand

• Question: What would be the RNA strand transcribed from the DNA template strand 5' - GGG AAA CCC TTT - 3'?

  • Answer: CCC UUU GGG AAA

15. Complementary Strand to DNA Sequence

• Question: What would be the complementary strand to the following DNA sequence?

  • Answer: (You would complete this question with the DNA strand provided, ensuring correct base pairing.)

Tips for Studying:

• Understand the process of transcription and translation thoroughly.

• Memorize the base pairing rules for DNA and RNA (A-T, C-G, and A-U in RNA).

• Be familiar with the types of mutations and their effects on chromosomes.

• Use a genetic code chart to practice translating mRNA sequences into amino acid chains.