Lecture 5
There is an increase in emerging infectious disease There are a list of factors that can cause the emergence of infectious diseases:
- Deforestation
- Agricultural development
- Urbanisation
- Habitat fragmentation
- Road construction
- Air and water pollution
- Climate change
- Hydrological changes, dam building
- Population movement
- Drug resistant
- Better detection/diagnosis
There are many factors that can better early detection such as:
- Improved education/reporting
- Modified/improved classification
- Improved diagnostic sensitivity Migration can replenish susceptibles, though more relevant to persistence than emergence Movement can introduce the index case of an infection
- Taking a pathogen to another population OR
- Visiting a population and taking a pathogen home
Food production – to sustain population we need food However the affect on agriculture epseically zoonotic has increased Land use, agriculture and food industry account to 25% of all cumulative EID events Dams and malaria Building dam means changing water flow Downstream of dam you reduce flooding and freestanding water which inturn reduces breeding sites for vector bourn diseases Upstream there is an at risk area for flying range of mosquitos There is a fast flowing river upstream, however it is replaced by a man made stagnant lake which becomes a breeding site for mosquitos Measles is a re emerging virus It has the highest R0 of a non vector bourn virus (18)
- Droplet and aerosol transmission
- 1 in 5 infected complications such as pneumonia and ear infection Human behaviour is the main driver for EIDs Public health management will require one world/planetary health approach Changes to water bodies can increase risk of malaria Infectious disease control can be disrupted by a variety of things