Computing Device: a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Computing Network: a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

Path: the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender
and ending with a receiver.
● Bandwidth: the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually
measured in bits per second.
● Protocol: An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system
● IP Address: The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.
● Internet Protocol (IP): a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique
numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device
● Router: A type of computer that forwards data across a network
● Packet: A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may
arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.
● Redundancy: the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if
individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two
connected devices in a network.
● Fault Tolerant: Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This
is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected
times, often in groups.
● HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the
Internet
● Internet: a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open
(nonproprietary) communication protocols.
● World Wide Web: a system of linked pages, programs, and files.
● Digital Divide: differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics