English American Lit Test

1. American Enlightenment: -marked a shift from Puritan religious thinking to reason, science, and political independence. -Writers emphasized logic, human potential, and the pursuit of truth through evidence and observation.

2. Puritan Source of Truth: Divine revelation, Scripture

3. Puritan Human Nature: Naturally sinful, needs salvation

4. Puritan Purpose of Writing: To glorify God and express faith

5. Puritan View of Nature: God's creation to glorify Him

6. Puritan Goal of Education: To understand God's will

7. Enlightenment Source of Truth: Human reason, science, and experience

8. Enlightenment Human Nature: Naturally good and capable of improvement 9. Enlightenment Purpose of Writing: To advance knowledge and improve society 10. Enlightenment View of Nature: A system of laws discoverable by science 11. Enlightenment Goal of Education: To develop human reason and moral judgment 12. Franklins Project of Moral Perfection: a self-improvement plan detailed in his autobiography, which involved a 13-week cycle of focusing on one virtue per week to achieve moral perfection

13. what was the purpose of the project of moral perfection: to break bad habits and create a better self

14. what was the process of the project of moral perfection: selected 13 virtues, focused on one virtue per week, and repeated

15. what was the tracking system of the project of moral perfection: he created charts, Daily accountability, Marked violations, and Strived for a "clean" chart

16. how Franklin's approach reflects Enlightenment ideals of reason: rational problem solving, civic engagement, and persuasion through logic

17. how Franklin's approach reflects Enlightenment ideals of self-discipline: the 13 virtues and mastering habits

18. how Franklin's approach reflects Enlightenment ideals of experimentation: - scientific methods

19. structure of ben franklins virtues list and how he evaluates progress using a daily record.: Benjamin Franklin developed a list of 13 virtues to achieve "moral perfection" and tracked his progress in a daily record

20. what were Franklin's lessons about human improvement and moral growth.- : they were documented in his autobiography, center on his "bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection". He believed that good habits could be cultivated through constant vigilance and a systematic process of self-examination.

21. Franklin's argument about cultural humility in Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America: challenging the arrogant European definition of "civilized" behavior

22. the meaning of 'civilized' behavior.: refers to the practical and systematic practice of virtues for both personal improvement and the betterment of society

23. Ben franklins observations about Native American customs, education, and manners.: He critiqued the colonists' intolerance, materialism, and rudeness by highlighting what he saw as the civility, orderliness, and generosity of Native American society.

24. Franklin's use of tone and irony in Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America: Franklin uses a satirical and ironic tone to criticize the supposed "civilization" of his contemporaries by highlighting the greater hospitality and politeness of Native Americans, essentially reversing the conventional view of who is savage

25. Henry's persuasive purpose: Henry's purpose was to persuade his audience to prepare for war against Britain tone was one of passionate urgency and defiance

26. Henry's persuasive tone: tone was one of passionate urgency and defiance

27. how does henry use ethos: Patrick Henry uses ethos to build his credibility by appealing to his patriotism, honesty, and religious duty.

28. how does henry use pathos: Patrick Henry uses pathos in his speech to stir emotion by contrasting the colonists' suffering with the hope of freedom, employing powerful imagery like "chains are forged" and "slavery" to evoke anger and fear.

29. how does henry use logos: Patrick Henry uses logos (logical appeal) in his speech by presenting facts, using past experience as evidence, and using rhetorical questions to build a logical argument for revolution

30. how does henry use parallelism: Henry uses parallelism to create rhythm and emphasis, making his arguments more memorable and persuasive

31. how does henry use allusion: Patrick Henry uses allusions to Greek mythology and the Bible to persuade his audience to fight the British

32. how does henry use analogy: Patrick Henry uses analogy to argue for action against British tyranny by comparing peaceful submission to slavery and British promises of peace to a trap

33. parallelism: similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses 34. allusion: A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

35. analogy: A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way

36. Reflect on his sense of urgency and how the past informs his warnings about the future.: In his "Speech to the Virginia Convention," Patrick Henry creates a powerful sense of urgency by dismissing false hope and drawing a direct line from Britain's past ten years of oppression to its future intentions. He argues that inaction and reconciliation will only lead to further subjugation, framing the choice before his audience as a matter of immediate liberty or certain slavery.

37. examples of persuasive techniques that call for immediate action in henrys speech: The false hope of peace,The chains of slavery, The clanking chains in Boston, urgency 38. pathos: Appeal to emotion

39. logos: Appeal to logic

40. ethos: An appeal to the speaker's character, credibility, and authority

41. jefferson's rhetorical purpose in the declaration of independence: Jefferson's main rhetorical purpose in the Declaration of Independence was to justify the colonies' separation from Great Britain to a "candid world" and to rally Americans to support the cause 42. Enlightenment principles of natural rights in declaration: The Declaration of Independence reflects Enlightenment principles by asserting that individuals have unalienable natural rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness) that are not granted by governments 43. Enlightenment principles of reason: reason justifies the use of a social contract where governments derive their power from the consent of the governed

44. tone used to justify separation: The Declaration of Independence justifies separation through a dignified, rational, and assertive tone

45. logical structure used to justify separation: The Declaration of Independence uses a logical structure based on Enlightenment principles, particularly the social contract theory of John Locke

46. How Jefferson balances rational argument and emotional appeal.: In documents like the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson masterfully balances rational arguments (logos) with emotional appeals (pathos) to construct a powerful and persuasive case

47. what was Paine's purpose to inspire perseverance/unity during the Revolutionary War.: Thomas Paine wrote his pamphlets Common Sense and The American Crisis to inspire perseverance and unity during the Revolutionary War by framing the conflict as a noble, divinely supported cause.

48. metaphor in Paine The Crisis, No. 1: Thomas Paine used metaphors to argue for American independence and advocate for liberty. He notably compared Britain to an oppressive parent, America to a child that needs to mature, and liberty to essential elements like air or a perpetual coal's flame to underscore its necessity and endurance

49. analogy in the crisis no 1: In "The Crisis, No. 1," Thomas Paine uses several analogies, most famously comparing British tyranny to slavery and a thief breaking into a home 50. antithesis in the crisis no 1: In The Crisis, No. 1, Thomas Paine uses antithesis to create a powerful contrast between opposing ideas, such as the famous lines "The harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph"

51. alliteration in the crisis no 1: An example of alliteration in Thomas Paine's The Crisis, No. 1 is "Every Tory is a coward; for servile, slavish, self-interested fear," with the repetition of the "s" sound. These examples use repetition to make the text more memorable and persuasive. 52. how Paine appeals to emotion: Thomas Paine appeals to emotion in "The Crisis" by using charged language like "tyranny" and "slavery" to evoke anger, while simultaneously using phrases like "freedom" and "hope" to inspire patriotism and resolve

53. how Paine appeals to logic: Thomas Paine appeals to logic by presenting plain arguments, using common-sense reasoning

54. how Paine appeals to patriotism: Thomas Paine appealed to patriotism by refuting the idea of loyalty to Britain, portraying America as a land of liberty

55. how does Paine contrasts temporary loyalty with enduring commitment.: - (1776), Thomas Paine contrasts temporary loyalty with enduring commitment through his famous distinction between the "summer soldier and the sunshine patriot" and those who "stand it now" 56. metaphor: A comparison without using like or as

57. analogy,: A comparison of two different things that are similar in some way 58. antithesis: Direct opposite

59. alliteration: Repetition of initial consonant sounds