exam 1 final

Which of the following describes the study of systemic anatomy?

  • The structures that make up a discrete body system

What is the definition of homeostasis?

  • The state of dynamic stability of the body’s internal conditions

Which statement best describes a negative feedback loop?

  • A mechanism that reverses a deviation from a set point

What is the name of a protective membranous structure that encloses a variety of tiny functioning units within human cells?

  • Organelles

What do you call a structure of the body that is composed of two or more tissue types?

  • Organ

Which of the following statements best describes the standard and anatomical position?

  • The body standing upright with shoulder feet with apart and parallel, palms facing forward

Which of the following is included in the anterior (ventral) cavity?

  • Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Which of the following terms refers to the serous membrane that surrounds the heart?

  • Pericardium

The “coxal” bone most likely refers to the _______.

  • Hip

“Popliteal” refers to the _______. 

  • Back of the knee

Psychological variables, such as blood glucose levels are regulated  __________.

  • Homeostatic mechanisms

Which of the following statements explains the primary functions of the integumentary system?

  • create a barrier that protects the body from pathogen and fluid loss and provide sensory reception

The urinary system _____________.

  • contributes to blood pressure, pH homeostasis, and remove waste products

The cruel region is ______  distal to the femoral region.

  • Distal

What does the atomic weight of an atom equal?

  • Roughly equal to the number of protons and neutrons, plus a little weight from the electrons

What distinguishes an isotope from the elemental form?

  • Different number of neutrons

Which of the following statements best describes an ionic bond?

  • An ongoing close association between ions of opposite charges

Which of the following statements best describes a non-polar covalent bond?

  • In a covalent bond, the electrons are shared equally between two atoms

How is metabolism defined?

  • The sun, total of all the chemical reactions that occurred inside the body

Which of the following list describes the three types of chemical reactions?

  • Synthesis, decomposition, and exchange

Which statement best describes the function of enzymes?

  • Enzymes reduce the activation required for chemical reactions to proceed

Which of the following elements is present in all proteins?

  • nitrogen

What statement best describes an inorganic compound?

  • A substance that does not contain carbon or hydrogen

Microtubules are primarily composed of?

  • Tubulin proteins 

What are the components of cellular membranes?

  • Fossil, lipid, cholesterol, and proteins

Residual fluid is considered _________.

  • Part of the extra cellular fluid not contained within blood vessels

What is the function of the membrane lipid bilayer structure?

  • To control the movement of all polar charged or large molecules across the membrane

Which of the following statements best describes a hypotonic solution?

  • A solution that has a lower concentration of solids than the cell it’s surrounds

Which of the following best describes the cytoplasm?

  • Watery inside of the cell all compartment and organelles

Which statement best describes the function of endoplasmic reticulum

  • Provides membrane passage for transporting synthesizing and story materials

Which of the following statements best describes microvilli in their function?

  • they are tiny and numerous projections on the surface of cells that expand surface area

The four types of nitrogenous bases and DNA are represented by which four letters?

  • A, T, C and G

What is the process of synthesis a chain of amino acids called?

  • Translation

Which of the following best describes ribosomes?

  • Non-membrane organelles, composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins

What are the three general phases of the cell cycle?

  • Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis

Which of the following best describes stem cell?

  • An  unspecialized cell that can be replicated as needed

A phospholipid molecule consists of _________.

  • A hydrophilic, polar phosphate head and a hydrophobic, nonpolar lipid tail

What’s the mRNA transcript is processed to where does it travel for protein synthesis?

  • It leaves the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm

Which statement best describes collagen?

  • The most abundant protein in the human body

What are the three basic types of cell to cell connections?

  • Tight junction, desmosomes, and gap junction

What are specialized cell junctions that allow electrical and metabolic coupling between adjacent cells?

  • Gap junctions

What is the main function of epithelial tissue?

  • Protection, a tissue barrier

What important, cultural and functional features do all epithelia share?

  • Highly cellular with little or no extra cellular material present between cells

What are two characteristics of epithelial cell classification?

  • Shape and number of cell layers

What is generally observed with simple squamous epithelium?

  • Rapid passage of certain chemical compounds

What are the three modes of exocrine secretion?

  • Merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

What are the three characteristic components of connective tissue?

  • Specialized cells, large amounts of ground substance, and proteins

What are the three major categories of connective tissue?

  • Proper, supportive and fluid

What statement that describes fibroblast?

  • They are responsible for synthesizing protein fibers

What statement best describes scale to muscle?

  • Attached to bones and produces body movements

What are the reasons for skeletal muscle cells remaining relatively constant and number throughout life?

  • They are incompatible of mitosis due to the shape and multi nuclei

What is a gap between a neuron and it’s target called?

  • Synapse

Short branches of the neuronal cell body that receive signals from neighboring cells are _________?

  • Dendrities

What are the four kinds of tissue membrane that cover in line certain body structures?

  • Mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial

Many epithelial cells are capable of screening _______ onto their apical surfaces to reduce friction

  • mucous and chemical compounds

The alveoli of lungs, across which gases easily diffuse are made up of what type of epithelial cells?

  • Simple squamous epithelium

The duct of an exocrine gland is lined with what type of epithelial cell?

  • simple cuboidal epithelium

Ciliated epithelial cells are typically found in the conducting zone of the respiratory tract. What type of epithelial cells are most likely to be here?

  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Adipocytes are _______.

  • Cells that store lipids as droplets that fill most of the cytoplasm

The specialized junction between cardiomyocytes are called ______.

  • Intercalated discs

Give yourselves are composed of many supporting cells for neurons within the nervous system. What changes occurred when Gilla cells were injected into mouse brain?

  • The mice improve their problem-solving and memory skills

Which of the following statements best describes inflammation?

  • Limits the extent of injury and initiates repair and regeneration is damaged tissue

Which statement best describes the process of a wound repair?

  • During wound repair, the collagen fibers are laid down randomly by fibroblast to close the wound

The pores in the nuclear envelope are specifically designed to allow passage for:

  • Certain proteins and hormones in, and RNA out

Peroxisomes are characterized as “killers” or “garbage cans” that primarily

  • Breakdown foreign/suspect materials (like viruses) and detoxifies substances like alcohol

Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?

  • Interphase

Testosterone and estrogen are examples of _____ molecules.

  • Lipid

What chemical reaction would your liver use to store extra glucose?

  • Dehydration synthesis

Cartilage is a vascular meaning:

  • It does not contain blood vessels

Which of the following is not a function of connective tissue?

  • Absorbing nutrients