ENVE_200_-_Overview_of_Environmental_Issues_and_Engineering_2023

UNIT 1: OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ENGINEERING

1. Introduction

  • UBC Environmental Engineering ENVE 200 course overview covering environmental issues and engineering concepts.

  • Focus of Weeks 1 & 2.

2. Course Outline

  • Environmental Issues Examples: Discuss different environmental issues affecting societies.

  • Role of Environmental Engineers: Exploring what environmental engineers do and their significance.

  • Specific Areas of Focus: Background on specific areas such as water, air, waste, and energy management.

  • Future Course Pathways: Upcoming design-related courses relevant to the field.

3. Environmental Issues - Examples

Fresh Water Quality
  • Highlighting the ongoing water quality crisis in Neskantaga First Nation with over 10,000 days under a drinking water advisory. (Source: CBC News)

Fresh Water Scarcity
  • Examination of cities facing imminent fresh water scarcity, such as Las Vegas, New Mexico, where officials are scrambling for alternative water sources. (Source: CNN)

Climate Change Effects
  • Potential impacts illustrated through various natural disasters including wildfires and floods as reported by The Washington Post.

Contamination from Spills
  • Documenting groundwater contamination following a fuel oil spill in Peterborough, Ontario. (Source: ThePeterboroughExaminer)

Waste Contamination
  • Addressing the issue of decades of arsenic poisoning caused by the Giant Mine impacting the Dene First Nation land. (Source: Capital Current)

4. Class Activities

  • Group discussion on environmental-related news to foster engagement and sharing of ideas among classmates.

5. Environmental Engineering Disciplines

  • Core Areas:

    • Water management

    • Air quality management

    • Solid waste management

    • Environmental impact assessments

    • Pollution control and remediation

    • Energy preservation

    • Environmental sustainability

    • Recycling

  • Involvement with regulations and guidelines pertaining to environmental stewardship and sustainable development goals.

6. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  • Objective: Seventeen goals aimed at transforming our world by addressing various areas such as:

    • No Poverty

    • Zero Hunger

    • Good Health and Well-Being

    • Quality Education

    • Gender Equality

    • Clean Water and Sanitation

    • Affordable and Clean Energy

    • Sustainable Cities and Communities

    • Climate Action

    • Life Below Water and On Land

    • Partnerships for Goals

7. Federal Regulators in Canada

  • Overview of key federal regulatory bodies impacting environmental engineering such as:

    • Canada Energy Regulator

    • Environment and Climate Change Canada

    • Fisheries and Oceans Canada

    • Natural Resources Canada

    • Impact Assessment Agency of Canada

8. Provincial Regulators (BC)

  • Focus on specific BC provincial regulators including:

    • Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations, and Rural Development (FLNRORD)

    • BC Oil and Gas Commission (BC OGC)

9. Environmental Regulations

Federal Regulations
  • Major Regulatory Bodies and Resources:

    • Environment and Climate Change Canada.

    • Natural Resources Canada.

    • Impact Assessment Agency of Canada.

    • Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

    • Canada Energy Regulator.

Provincial Regulations
  • Key Areas: Access to provincial regulations and general environmental management resources in BC.

10. Role of Environmental Engineers

  • Core Responsibilities:

    • Design systems to address environmental issues (both prevention and remediation).

    • Optimize systems to mitigate environmental impacts.

    • Measure, monitor, and control environmental systems.

    • Collaborate with regulatory bodies to develop and enforce environmental regulations.

    • Conduct inspections to ensure compliance with regulations.

11. Water Management

  • Types of Water:

    • Freshwater - essential for human use.

    • Saltwater - unsuitable for drinking or irrigation.

12. Water Flowchart

  • Components of the Water Cycle in Management:

    • Source Water Extraction, Treatment, Distribution, Wastewater Management, and Recycled Water.

13. Industrial Water Intake

  • Distribution of Water Usage in Industries: Percentage of water intake by various sectors such as thermal-electric producers, manufacturing, and mining (2011 data).

14. Air Quality

  • Defining Air Pollution: Release of pollutants detrimental to health and environment, primarily from energy generation and fossil fuel combustion.

  • Sources of Air Pollution: Factors influencing pollution levels include emissions, location, and temperature.

15. Air Pollutants

  • Types of Pollutants:

    • Lead

    • Carbon monoxide (CO)

    • Sulfur oxides (SOx)

    • Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

    • Particulate matter (PM)

    • Ozone

    • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

    • Biological pollutants (mold, pollen)

16. Air Quality Control

  • Strategies for Control:

    • Source prevention

    • Control and treatment methods (scrubbers, filters)

    • Economic incentives for pollution reduction efforts.

17. Waste Management

Categories of Waste
  • Types:

    • Solid waste

    • Wastewater

    • Air emissions

    • Additional categorizations based on source and type.

Disposal Methods in History
  • Historical Context: Evolution of waste disposal methods including burying and burning waste, reflecting changes in consumer practices over the last century.

Solid Waste Handling
  • Current Methods:

    • Landfill usage

    • Incineration with energy recovery capabilities.

    • Waste diversion through recycling and composting.

    • Hazardous waste disposal.

18. Energy Consumption

Energy Use Sectors
  • Breakdown of major energy consuming sectors globally (data from IEA).

Electricity Generation Sources
  • Types of Generation:

    • Hydroelectric

    • Fossil fuels

    • Nuclear

    • Non-hydro renewables (wind, biomass, solar)

19. Discussion Topics

  • Impact of the shift to electric cars and lithium mining on the environment.

  • Suggested resources for exploration of lithium extraction processes.

20. Future Relevant Courses

  • Introduction to upcoming courses like:

    • ENVE 202: Environmental Engineering Science

    • ENVE 301: Intermediate Design Project

    • ENVE 401: Capstone Design Project

21. Resources

  • Web Links: For further exploration on topics discussed, students can access resources relevant to SDGs, water management, air pollution, waste management, energy use, and overall environmental regulations.