Development and Environmental Security

the Homer-Dixon model

  • Decrease in quantity of renewable resources, population growth, unequal resource access →
  • Increase in scarcity of renewable resources →
  • Population displacement, decrease in economic productivity →
  • Weakened states →
  • Civil conflict, war (political instability)

Theories of Development

Groups of Development (Outdated)

  1. 1st World — West
  2. 2nd World — Communist states
  3. 3rd World — Everyone else

Modernization Theory—W.W. Rostow: Stages of economic growth

  1. Traditional stage

    1. Viewed negatively by the west
  2. Preconditioning state

  3. Take-off stage

    1. Industrialization
  4. Drive to modernity

  5. Age of high mass consumption

    1. Fast fashion, mass production, fast trend cycles

Dependency Theory

  • Central to more radical spheres of thought, critique of modernization theory
  • Posits that modernization theory is inherently exploitative
  • Rampant development without necessary controls for human rights etc. is immoral
  • Infant industry: a single state wants to develop itself before trading/entering the international economy
    • Get really good at production before starting to sell in the global market

Sustainable Development

  • Based off of UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
    • GOAL 1: No Poverty
    • GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
    • GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
    • GOAL 4: Quality Education
    • GOAL 5: Gender Equality
    • GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
    • GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
    • GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
    • GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
    • GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
    • GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
    • GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
    • GOAL 13: Climate Action
    • GOAL 14: Life Below Water
    • GOAL 15: Life on Land
    • GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
    • GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal

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