Development and Environmental Security

the Homer-Dixon model

• Decrease in quantity of renewable resources, population growth, unequal resource access →
• Increase in scarcity of renewable resources →
• Population displacement, decrease in economic productivity →
• Weakened states →
• Civil conflict, war (political instability)

Theories of Development

Groups of Development (Outdated)

1. 1st World — West
2. 2nd World — Communist states
3. 3rd World — Everyone else

Modernization Theory—W.W. Rostow: Stages of economic growth

1. Traditional stage

   1. Viewed negatively by the west

2. Preconditioning state

3. Take-off stage

   1. Industrialization

4. Drive to modernity

5. Age of high mass consumption

   1. Fast fashion, mass production, fast trend cycles

Dependency Theory

• Central to more radical spheres of thought, critique of modernization theory
• Posits that modernization theory is inherently exploitative
• Rampant development without necessary controls for human rights etc. is immoral
• Infant industry: a single state wants to develop itself before trading/entering the international economy
  • Get really good at production before starting to sell in the global market

Sustainable Development

• Based off of UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
  • GOAL 1: No Poverty
  • GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
  • GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
  • GOAL 4: Quality Education
  • GOAL 5: Gender Equality
  • GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
  • GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
  • GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
  • GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
  • GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
  • GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
  • GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
  • GOAL 13: Climate Action
  • GOAL 14: Life Below Water
  • GOAL 15: Life on Land
  • GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
  • GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal