Development and Environmental Security

the Homer-Dixon model

  • Decrease in quantity of renewable resources, population growth, unequal resource access →
  • Increase in scarcity of renewable resources →
  • Population displacement, decrease in economic productivity →
  • Weakened states →
  • Civil conflict, war (political instability)

Theories of Development

Groups of Development (Outdated)
  1. 1st World — West
  2. 2nd World — Communist states
  3. 3rd World — Everyone else
Modernization Theory—W.W. Rostow: Stages of economic growth
  1. Traditional stage

   
   1. Viewed negatively by the west

  1. Preconditioning state
  2. Take-off stage

   
   1. Industrialization

  1. Drive to modernity
  2. Age of high mass consumption

   
   1. Fast fashion, mass production, fast trend cycles

Dependency Theory
  • Central to more radical spheres of thought, critique of modernization theory
  • Posits that modernization theory is inherently exploitative
  • Rampant development without necessary controls for human rights etc. is immoral
  • Infant industry: a single state wants to develop itself before trading/entering the international economy
      * Get really good at production before starting to sell in the global market
Sustainable Development
  • Based off of UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
      * GOAL 1: No Poverty
      * GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
      * GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
      * GOAL 4: Quality Education
      * GOAL 5: Gender Equality
      * GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
      * GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
      * GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
      * GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
      * GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
      * GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
      * GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
      * GOAL 13: Climate Action
      * GOAL 14: Life Below Water
      * GOAL 15: Life on Land
      * GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
      * GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal