Bones of the Upper Body

Bones of the Upper Body

  • Overview of bones found in the upper body.

    • Clavicle

    • Scapula

    • Humerus

    • Radius

    • Ulna

    • Carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

    • Sternum

Lab Requirements

  • Materials needed for the lab:

    • Colored Pencils/Markers

    • Printout of Lab Instructions

    • Access to the “Get Body Smart” resource

    • Access to the “Bone Box” website

Lab Process

  • Steps to engage in the lab activities:

    • Learn: Study the names of bones and bone markings using provided figures.

    • Color: Color the bone markings on the diagrams for better understanding.

    • Practice and Learn About: Use the “Get Body Smart” resource for further practice and information on bones.

    • Practice: Use the “Bone Box” to reinforce knowledge of bone names and markings.

Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton

  • Axial Skeleton: comprises the central axis of the body including:

    • Skull

    • Vertebral column (vertebrae)

    • Ribs

    • Sternum

    • Hyoid bone

  • Appendicular Skeleton: includes bones of the extremities and the girdles that support them, divided into:

    • Pectoral Girdle: supports the upper limbs, consisting of:

      • Clavicle (left and right)

      • Scapula (left and right)

    • Pelvic Girdle: supports the lower limbs, comprising:

      • Os coxae: bones fused anteriorly at the symphysis pubis

      • Sacrum

      • Coccyx

The Ribs

  • Overview of the rib structure:

    • There are 12 PAIRS of ribs categorized into three types:

      1. True Ribs (Ribs 1-7): attaches directly to the sternum through their own cartilage.

      2. False Ribs (Ribs 8-12): attaches to the sternum by sharing cartilage with the first seven ribs.

      3. Floating Ribs (Ribs 11-12): do not attach to the sternum at all.

The Sternum

  • Also known as the breastbone, features:

    • **Bone Markings to Know: **

      • Superior Notch: Jugular notch

      • Manubrium: upper portion of the sternum

      • Body: central part of the sternum

      • Sternal angle: junction of manubrium and body

      • Xiphoid Process: lower most part of the sternum

Activities in Lab

  • Suggested activities based on anatomical structures:

    • Color the ribs and sternum diagrams.

    • Use “Get Body Smart” for interactive learning.

    • Practice knowledge with “The Bone Box.”

Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

  • Components of the pectoral girdle (appendicular skeleton):

    • Clavicle: collarbone

      • Bone Markings to Know:

        • Sternal end (medial)

        • Acromial end (lateral)

        • Conoid tubercle

      • Note: Do NOT need to differentiate right from left.

    • Scapula: shoulder blade

      • Bone Markings to Know:

        • Superior border

        • Suprascapular notch

        • Acromion

        • Coracoid process

        • Glenoid cavity

        • Supraglenoid tubercle

        • Subscapular fossa

        • Infraspinous fossa

        • Lateral border

        • Medial border

        • Supraspinous fossa

        • Spine

        • Superior angle

        • Inferior angle

        • Lateral angle

      • Note: Must be able to distinguish left from right.

Bones of the Upper Extremities

  • The Humerus: upper arm bone

    • Bone Markings to Know:

      • Head

      • Greater tubercle

      • Lesser tubercle

      • Intertubercular sulcus

      • Deltoid tuberosity

      • Coronoid fossa

      • Radial fossa

      • Radial groove

      • Olecranon fossa

      • Lateral epicondyle

      • Capitulum

      • Trochlea

      • Medial epicondyle

      • Surgical neck

      • Anatomical neck

      • Note: Know left from right.

Radius and Ulna

  • Radius: lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side)

    • Bone Markings to Know:

      • Head

      • Neck

      • Radial tuberosity

      • Styloid process

      • Note: Right/left differentiation not required.

  • Ulna: medial bone of the forearm

The Hand

  • Overview of bones found in the hand:

    • Carpals: Recognizable but individual bone names not required.

    • Metacarpals: Recognizable but individual bone names not required.

    • Note: Right/left differentiation not required.

Activities in the Lab

  • Engage in the following activities for all bones discussed:

    • Color the parts of the bone for better visualization and memory retention.

    • Use “Get Body Smart” for interactive learning experiences.

    • Practice knowledge and understanding with “The Bone Box.”