Untitled Flashcards Set

French Revolution

Declaration of the Rights of Man:  guaranteed what?

-Guaranteed the rights of citizenship, liberty, and property, along with the right to participate in vote  (White French men)

-Created Aug 26, 1789

-Similar to US BOR

Causes of the French Revolution 

-#1 Heavy Taxation; because of lavish spending

#2 Poverty of 3rd Estate; Poor, paying ALL tax 

#3 Starvation; K/Q spending to much; no care for 3rd Estate, BAD HARVEST, 80% of income on bread

#4 K/Q dumb; not fit to rule 

#5 Labor; overworked, underpaid, taxed

#6 Enlightenment Ideas; life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness french philosophers

Storming of the Bastille

-Rumor emerged that King was planning military coup against National Assembly, so they storm the prisoner

-They attacked the place because its a symbol of inequality

-18 died-7 were guards

-73 wounded

-7 held prisoners

-July 14, 1789

Napoleon characteristics

-Described as cold, calculating, cruel, cunning, smart. Authoritarian, ambitious

-Seen as a war hero by most

Map of Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia

-Napoleon attempts to conquer Russia in 1812

-Russians retreat and follow, they improvise scorched Earth policy

-Scorched earth policy:- leaving no grain/livestock for France

-Onset of Winter/attacks/deserted environment/ left only 10,000 of original 400,000 troops left

-Europeans takes advantage of this opportunity and attack France

-Paris is captured in 1814 after Napoleon loss in Leipzig

-Napoleon is exiled in island of Elba

-Replaced by Louis the 18th

Napoleon’s military background and fast rise to power

-1795- Napoleon defends govt delegates from “Royalists” rebels

-1796–The “Directory” (5 leader council) hires Napoleon to lead French military 

-French govt has been unsettled since 1789 until 1799

-Napoleon (well-known military hero) took advantage of this and seized power, France rejoices

-The Consulate (3 Consuls) replaced the Directory. Napoleon's names himself the 1st Consul (b/c he’s strongest) 

-Stunning military victories led to his fast rise in power. His military tactics of speed (calvary) surprise and deceive helped him secure wins for France.

-Eventually this is what builds his empire. (SECRET FOR WINS IS SOLDIERS ON HORSES) 

Continental System

-An effort to make Europe more self sufficient without British trade/econ

-Does this by blocking British ports

-Britain's retaliates w/blockade around Europe

-Causes Europens economy to collapse cause they rely on Britain

-Occured in 1806

Industrial Revolution

Growth of Cities during Industrial Revolution

-Crowded due to immigrants coming to America for work

-People pushed off their farms by machines and needing to work

-Cities open up factories, more jobs for new people

-New invention are developed like powers, textiles, communications, transportations 

Charles Darwin 

-His Book, “theory of origins” cited the concept of “survival of the fittest”

-This idea was used for calais of European supremacy or white supremacy

Charles Dickens

-Renowned English writer and social critic

-Best known for his vivid characters and depictions of Victorian society

-Novel often highlighted social issues such as poverty, child labor,  and class disparities

-One of the most influential authors in 19th century

-WRTIES ABOUT HOW TERRIBLE CONDITIONS ARE IN THE FACTORIES

Negative effects of Industrial Revolution

-16 hour work days; workers tired; accident prone

-Polluted air

-Low wages

-Child Labor

-Women worked while taking care of homes

-Dangerous

Imperialism

Why did the British sell opium to China?  

Sold addictive opium, drug from poppy plant, to Chinese to expand market and earn profit

Queen Victoria 

-Queen of India

-Ruled British Empire during great times

-Title was given to her to symbolize rule over India

2 independent African countries during New Imperialism  

-Ethiopia (they fought italy and won)

-Liberia (had U.S protecting it)

“white man’s burden”  

-Classified as the burden of Europeans to have to “reform” indigenous tribes, native people, or just non-white people

India:  “the jewel in the crown”

-Referred to as Indian during the British Raj, was one of the most valuable colonies as it provided mass economic wealth and a good location for trade

Cecil Rhodes view of the British compared to all other countries  

-Supporter of the British; thinks being British is superior to any other ethnic/country

-Established diamond/gold mines controlled by Brits via exploitation of North Africa

Monroe Doctrine purpose 

-In 1823 U.S declares close of Europe influence

-Announced by Pres. James Monroe

-Stated that the U.S would see Europe as a threat if they attempted to interfere

-Purpose? To prevent Europeans intervention 

Important aim of U.S. foreign policy during Age of Imperialism 

WWI

Nationalism in the Balkans

-Slavic nationalism in the Balkans, particularly the desire of Serbia to have a greater Slavic empire which threatened the Austria-Hungary empire. 

2 alliances before WWI started

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Triple Entente: France, Russia, Great Britain

Trench Warfare

A method of fighting where soldiers dug and occupied trenches for protection from enemies  Fighting involved a combination of bombing, fighting with guns/artillery, and chemical weapons.

Trench foot

-When your foot swells up with dirt and germs from not washing it for days. Usually turns black and is needed to be amputated, or you have to go to the hospital.

Schlieffen Plan and its failure

-Germany invades France through Belgium

-After France’s defeat (within 6 weeks)

-Germany heads to Russia and beats quickly (Russia should be slow to mobilize (get troop to fight)

-They failed