Year 9 Revision Flashcards

History

• Industrial Revolution: A period of major industrial and technological change, beginning in Britain in the late 18th century.
• Early British Industrialisation: Factors enabling Britain to industrialise early included coal and iron resources, investment, inventions, a growing population, trade, and improved transport.
• Urbanisation: The growth of towns and cities as people moved from rural areas to find work.
• The British Empire: A large collection of territories controlled or influenced by Britain, which expanded greatly during the 18th and 19th centuries.
• The Slave Trade: The forced transportation and sale of enslaved people, particularly across the Atlantic; Britain played a major role before abolishing its slave trade in 1807.
• The Abolition Movement: A campaign to end slavery and the slave trade, involving activists, formerly enslaved people, religious groups, and politicians.
• First World War Causes: Long-term tensions included militarism, alliances, imperial rivalry, and nationalism; the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 triggered the crisis.
• Trench Warfare: A form of fighting in which opposing armies defended positions from extensive trenches, especially on the Western Front.
• The Holocaust: The systematic persecution and murder of six million Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during the Second World War.
• The Cold War: A prolonged rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union after the Second World War, involving political, military, and ideological competition.

English

• Metaphor: A comparison that says one thing is another to create a particular image or idea.
• Simile: A comparison using words such as 'like' or 'as'.
• Personification: Giving human qualities or actions to something non-human.
• Imagery: Language that creates vivid mental pictures or appeals to the senses.
• Foreshadowing: Hints or clues about events that may happen later in a text.
• Juxtaposition: Placing contrasting ideas, characters, or images close together to highlight differences.
• Theme: A central idea or message explored in a text.
• Protagonist: The main character in a story.
• Antagonist: A character or force that opposes the protagonist.
• Rhetorical Question: A question asked to make a point rather than to receive an answer.

Science

• Cell: The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
• Nucleus Function: Contains genetic material and controls the cell's activities.
• Photosynthesis: The process by which plants use light energy to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen.
• Respiration: A chemical process that releases energy from glucose; aerobic respiration uses oxygen.
• Atom: The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element.
• Element: A substance made of only one type of atom.
• Compound: A substance formed when atoms of different elements are chemically bonded.
• Force: A push or pull that can change an object's motion or shape.
• Energy: The capacity to do work or cause change.
• Food Chain: A sequence showing how energy and nutrients pass between organisms through feeding.

Mathematics

• Prime Number: A whole number greater than $1$ with exactly two positive factors: $1$ and itself.
• Factor: A whole number that divides another number exactly.
• Percentage: A proportion expressed out of $100$.
• Finding the Mean: Add all the values and divide by the number of values.
• Probability: A measure of how likely an event is to happen, from $0$ to $1$ (or $0\%$ to $100\%$).
• Linear Equation: An equation in which the variable has a highest power of $1$, often represented by a straight line on a graph.
• Pythagoras' Theorem: For a right-angled triangle, $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$, where $c$ is the hypotenuse.
• Area: The amount of two-dimensional surface inside a shape, measured in square units.
• Ratio: A way of comparing quantities using the same units.
• Standard Form: A way of writing very large or small numbers as $a \times 10^n$, where $1 \le a < 10$.

French

• 'I am': Je suis
• 'I have': J'ai
• 'I like': J'aime
• 'I don't like': Je n'aime pas
• 'because': Parce que
• 'but': Mais
• 'and': Et
• 'yesterday': Hier
• 'today': Aujourd'hui
• 'tomorrow': Demain