Napoleon

Napoleon I French leader from 1804 to 1814. Ajaccio Birthplace of Napoleon in Corsica. Military Academy Napoleon attended in Paris, 1783. War of 1st Coalition Conflict where Napoleon gained fame at Toulon. French Army Command Napoleon received command in 1796. Treaty of Campo Formio 1797 treaty ending War of 1st Coalition. Cisalpine Republic French satellite state recognized in 1797. Constitution of 1799 Established Consulate with Napoleon as 1st consul. Plebiscite of 1802 Vote that made Napoleon consul for life. Battle of Marengo Napoleon's victory over Austrians in June 1800. Treaty of Luneville Signed in February 1801, ending conflict with Austria. Treaty of Amiens March 1802 treaty between France and Britain. Haitian Independence Achieved from 1792 to 1804 under Toussaint L'Ouverture. Louisiana Purchase $15 million deal in 1803 with the United States. Napoleonic Code Civil laws established by Napoleon in 1804. Merit System Promoted based on ability, not birth. Concordat of 1801 Agreement with Catholic Church to restore relations. University of France Government agency overseeing education reforms. Battle of Trafalgar 1805 naval defeat of France by Britain. Austerlitz Decisive victory against Austria and Russia in 1805. Grand Duchy of Warsaw Established after Napoleon's victories in Poland. Berlin Decrees Initiated Continental System to block British trade. Continental System Economic blockade against Britain from 1806. Peninsular Campaign Conflict in Spain and Portugal from 1807-1810. Treaty of Schönbrunn Oct. 1809 treaty ending conflict with Austria. Napoleon's Family Rule Family members placed on thrones across Europe. Invasion of Russia 614,000 troops entered Russia in June 1812. Battle of Borodino Major battle during Napoleon's Russian campaign. Scorched Earth Policy Strategy of destruction during Russian retreat. Battle of Leipzig Defeat in October 1813, known as 'Battle of Nations'. Treaty of Fontainebleau Exiled Napoleon to Elba with annual income. Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 meeting to restore European order. Balance of Power Key principle established at Congress of Vienna. Napoleon's Defeat at Waterloo Final defeat on June 18, 1815. Duke of Wellington Led British forces against Napoleon at Waterloo. St. Helena Final exile location for Napoleon after defeat. Indemnity of 700 million francs Payment France owed after Congress of Vienna. Napoleon's Legacy Influence on law, military, and European politics. Josephine's Divorce 1807 statement reflecting political marriage dynamics. Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow 100,000 troops retreated, only 40,000 survived. Coalition Forces Alliance against Napoleon including Britain and Russia. Treaties of Tilsit Agreements with Russia and Prussia post-Austerlitz. Napoleon's Coronation Crowned King of Italy on May 6, 1805. Ecole Polytechnique Prestigious engineering school established in Paris. Papal States Regained by Pope through Concordat of 1801. French Prefects Appointed to administer France's 83 departments. Interest of the State State's needs prioritized over individual rights. Napoleon's Brothers Governed various territories under Napoleon's rule. Napoleon's Military Strategy Emphasized speed and decisive engagements. Napoleon's Educational Reforms Established state-controlled elite secondary schools. Napoleon's Scorched Earth Policy Strategy to destroy resources during retreat. Napoleon's Military Campaigns Series of conflicts expanding French influence. Napoleon's Abdication First abdication on April 6, 1814. Napoleon's Return from Exile Escaped Elba, began '100 Days' in 1815.