Day 02

Page 1: Class and Upcoming Assignments

• Attendance: QR Code for Attendance

• Daily Problem #01: Turn in

• Upcoming Notes:

  • Monday: Experimental Results & Significant Figures

  • Wednesday: Dimensional Analysis

  • Thursday: Smartwork5 HW#2 due 8/29 @ 10pm, Values Affirmation Exercise 1 Due 8/29 @ 10pm

Page 2: Fundamental Concepts of Matter & Measurement

• Matter:

  • Composed of atoms

  • Occupies space and has mass

• Change:

  • Substances change through the reorganization of atomic attachments

• Chemistry Definition:

  • The study of matter and its changes

Page 3: Classifying Matter

• Solid:

  • Rigid, fixed volume and shape

• Liquid:

  • Fixed volume, shape conforms to the container

• Gas:

  • No fixed volume or shape; takes volume and shape of the container

Page 4: Classifying Matter by Composition

• Pure Substance:

  • Constant composition

    • Examples: Free elements, compounds (e.g., water)

• Mixtures:

  • Variable composition

    • Heterogeneous Mixture: Visibly distinguishable parts (e.g., sand in water)

    • Homogeneous Mixture: No visibly distinguishable parts (e.g., sugar in water)

Page 5: Composition of Matter

• Matter Types:

  • Pure Substance:

    • Made up of one type of atom or molecule

      • (Element vs. Compound)

  • Mixture:

    • Made up of more than one type of atom or molecule

      • Homogeneous: Compositions that are uniform

      • Heterogeneous: Compositions that vary by region

Page 6: Separation of Mixtures - Distillation

• Distillation:

  • Separates a component of a mixture by evaporation

  • The resulting vapor is recovered by condensation

Page 7: Separation of Mixtures - Filtration

• Filtration:

  • Separates solid particles from a liquid or gas sample

  • Uses porous material that retains solid particles

Page 8: Separation of Mixtures - Chromatography

• Chromatography:

  • Components of a liquid or gas mixture distributed between two phases:

    • A solid (or liquid-coated solid) and moving liquid or gas

Page 9: Changes in Matter

• Physical Change:

  • Change in form without altering chemical composition

  • Example: Freezing of water

• Chemical Change:

  • Change resulting in substances forming new substances

  • Example: Combustion reaction (e.g., C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O)

Page 10: Practice Classifying Changes

• Tasks: Classify the following as physical or chemical changes:a) Boiling waterb) Dissolving sugar in iced teac) Photosynthesis in plants

Page 11: Properties of Matter

• Intensive Properties:

  • Independent of the amount of substance

  • Characteristics of the substance

• Extensive Properties:

  • Dependent on the amount of substance present

Page 12: Intensive vs. Extensive Properties

• Example Classifications: Pure sulfur powder statements:a) The powder is yellow (Intensive)b) The mass is 0.56 g (Extensive)c) The volume is 0.28 cm³ (Extensive)d) The melting point is 115 ºC (Intensive)e) The density is 2.0 g/cm³ (Intensive)

Page 13: Group Activity on Classifying Matter

• Tasks:

  • a) Identify a pure substance in the kitchen

  • b) Identify a chemical compound in the kitchen

  • c) Identify a mixture in the kitchen

  • d) Identify a solid in the kitchen

  • e) Identify an elemental form in the kitchen

  • f) Identify a chemical change in the kitchen

Page 14: Additional Group Activity

• Tasks:

  • g) Chemical composition of boiling water bubbles

  • h) Determine if orange juice with pulp is homogeneous or heterogeneous; suggest separation technique

Page 15: Follow Up Actions

• Next Steps:

  • Pick up Daily Problem #02

  • Check Road Map for practice problems

  • Start next Smartwork5 homework assignment

  • Complete the Chem Community Values Affirmation Exercise 1 Due 8/29/24 on Moodle