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- Signals are constantly sent and recieved to maintain homeostasis
- Organism → Communication → Cell → Communication → Organism
- communication
- first and second messengers
- hormones
- growth factors
- cytokines
- neurotransmitters
- action potenial
- cell responses
- secretion
- contraction
- metabolic
- Communication modes
- probably not all of the modes we have
- endocrine
- hormones
- takes longer
- travels in bloodstream
- paracrine
- different types of cells, but next to each other (diffusion)
- controls development and differentiation
- growth factors, cytokines, vasoactive agents, neurotransmitters
- autocrine
- same type of cells next to each other
- basically paracrine, but with the same type of cell
- juxtacrine
- next to each other, giving handshakes
- integral membrane proteins
- B and T cels
- adhesion molecules, membrane-bound cytokines, extracellular matrix
- synaptic
- specialized paracrine
- neurotransmitters
- Signal Pleiotropy
- one signal has many meanings
- different cell types and different receptors/proteins do different things with the same signal
- Early and Late Responses
- Early (fast): just have to modify a protein (seconds)
- Late (slow): requires transcription/translation (min-hour)
- Vocab Review
- Ligand: binds to a receptor
- Agonist: binds to and activates receptor
- Antagonist: binds to and inhibits receptor
- Receptor: binds ligand and transduces signal
- transduction/transduce: to change the form of
- Second messanger: ligand produced (cAMP) or relased (Ca2+) into cytosol that carries the signal around the cell
- Inverse agonist: binds to receptor and inhibits its intrinsic activity (keeps it inactive)
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Explore Top NotesNoteStudied by 5 peopleNoteStudied by 45 peopleNoteStudied by 1 personNoteStudied by 12 peopleNoteStudied by 7 peopleNoteStudied by 1 person
Civil War Test Study Guide
NoteStudied by 5 peopleEspañol 3H Repaso vocabulario
NoteStudied by 45 peopleContemporary Economic Issues Facing the Filipino Entrepreneur
NoteStudied by 1 personReform Movements
NoteStudied by 12 peopleChapter 10.3 Digestive Disorders
NoteStudied by 7 peopleInvestigative Decision-Making
NoteStudied by 1 person