Pineal gland, located behind the midbrain, secretes melatonin

Pituitary= hypophysis

Striae= stretch marks

Amenorrhea= no menses

Acromegaly= extremity enlargement (from hyperpituitarism chronic, disfiguring disease that usually shortens life expectancy/often leads to congestive heart failure, respiratory and cerebrovascular diseases)

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy

Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) from overproduction of aldosterone, most often due to an adrenal cortex tumor.

Symptoms of Conn’s syndrome include hypokalemia (low potassium levels), alkalosis (increased blood pH), and hypertension.

Polydipsia= excessive thirst

Polyuria=excessive urination

HbA1C= glycosylated hemoglobin

Decreased secretions of thyroid and pancreatic hormones cause digestion and metabolism problems in the elderly

Adrenal glands= suprarenals because they sit on top of the kidneys

Oxytocin is a hormone that facilitates labor and causes uterine contractions

Insulin is important to metabolize glucose (insulin assists in moving sugar out of the blood and into the tissues)

Type 1 diabetes = chronic disease affecting carbohydrate, or sugar, metabolism due to inadequate production of insulin by the pancreatic islets of Langerhans (in the pancreas)

Exophthalmos= abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs

Pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine gland

Exocrine gland =secretes digestive juices

Endocrine gland= secretes two hormones, insulin and glucagon, directly into the blood

Insulin lowers blood sugar

Glucagon raises blood sugar

Cortisone is anti-inflammatory

Androgenital syndrome=adrenal virilism