cardiovascular vocab

Blood: a fluid connective tissue made of living blood cells that float in nonliving plasma.

Plasma: mainly water with dissolved substances, such as plasma proteins

Leukocytes:aka white blood cells;help body recognize and fight foreign substances

Thrombocytes: platelets;cell fragments that stop bleeding when blood vessel is damaged.

Erythrocytes: red blood cells;carry o2 and co2 between lungs and body

Hemoglobin:The protein that binds and carries oxygen

Hematopoiesis: blood cell formation.

Erythropoietin: hormone that regulates and destroys red blood cells; its triggered by a drop in blood oxygen levels

Whole blood: a mixture of formed elements, water, and dissolved molecules.

Centrifuged: when the components in whole blood separated when rapidy mixed.

Hemostasis: Fast and localized process body uses to stop bleeding

Antigens:Anything that the body perceives as foreign that activates an

immune response; Glycoprotein and glycolipids markers/tags on our cells

Antibodies: Binds to antigens and clumps them to destroy

Agglutinogens: RBC antigens

Rh factor:Rhesus antigens on red blood cells that determine if you make anti-Rh antibodies and thus have (+) or (-) blood type

Blood flow: volume of blood flowing through a blood vessel, organ or, system in a given period

Blood pressure: force exerted on a vessel wall by the blood inside of it

Resistance: opposition to the flow

Blood vessel: structures that create a pathway that contact and relax in order to transport blood

Arteries: Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Arterioles: Smaller vessels that branch off arteries and feed into capillary beds

Capillaries: the smallest vessels with smallest walla to maximize exchange of materials between blood and other fluid.

Capillary beds: network of capillaries

Veins: vessels that carry blood towards heart

Venules: smallest vein components that branch off capillary beds and feed into bigger and bigger veins back to the heart

Pericardium: Double walled sac that encloses the heart

Myocardium: Inner layer of the heart wall that contracts

Contractile cardiac muscle cells: responsible for the pumping the heart

Pacemaker cells: noncontractile cells that can depolarize without neural input(this allows the heart to generate its own electrical impulses so that it can beat regularly)

Intrinsic Cardiac Conduction System: cells trigger their own APs

Heartbeat: what is heard through a stethoscope; heart valves closing  during cardiac cycle

Systole: heart contacts

Diastole: heart relaxes

Pulse: heart rate measured by number of time heart beats in a minute

Electrocardiogram: device that tracks electrical activity in the heart

CPR:procedure used when heart stops beating

AED: Portable electric shock giver during cardiac arrest

Tourniquet:technique to compress blood from bleeding out

Atria: thin walled receivers of blood

Ventricle: thick walled sender of blood

Valves: in each chamber keep blood flowing in one direction

-Atrioventricular valve: at atrial-ventricular junction: prevents backflow from ventricles into atria

-Semilunar valve: at base of ventricular arteries: prevents backflow into ventricle

Pulmonary valve: guards base of pulmonary trunk

Mitral/Bicuspid valve: 2cusps; between left ventricle and atrium

Aortic valve: guard base of aorta

Tricuspid valve: between right atria and ventricle