SIT 108 - LECTURE 4

Organization of a Microprocessor-Based System

A microprocessor-based system is a complex arrangement that integrates various components necessary for functioning.

• Main Components:

  • Microprocessor: The central component that contains the processing unit, controlling the operation of the entire system.

  • Input Devices: Devices such as keyboards, mice, or sensors that allow users to enter data into the system.

  • Output Devices: Devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers that present information from the computer to the user.

  • Memory:

    • Read/Write Memory (R/W Memory): Allows data to be written and read, enabling the storage of both user data and programs that can be modified.

    • Read-Only Memory (ROM): Contains unchangeable data such as firmware or basic instructions required for system startup and operation.

• Communication Pathway:

  • The components are interconnected by a bus, which is a set of physical connections, allowing data transfer between the microprocessor and peripherals. This bus system facilitates communication through standard electrical pathways, ensuring that signals are transmitted correctly and efficiently throughout the system.

• Sub-systems: Each component (microprocessor, memory, input, and output devices) can function as an independent subsystem, which communicates through the shared bus structure. This modular approach enhances system flexibility, allowing easy upgrades and replacements of individual components without affecting the overall system.

• Integration and Functionality:

  • The effective organization and integration of these components are crucial for the microprocessor-based system’s performance. The microprocessor needs to manage its interaction with various input and output devices while accessing memory efficiently to ensure smooth execution of programs and processes.

In summary, the organization of a microprocessor-based system involves a seamless integration of the microprocessor, memory, input, and output devices, all connected by a communication bus that facilitates efficient data transfer and system operation.