Cell Division and Cancer

Interphase:

G1- cell grows and copies organelles and proteins

S- copies all DNA
G2- prep for division/ creates organelles/ molecules

Chromosome and Chromatin

Chromosome- tightly packed DNA (mitosis and cell division)

Chromatin- uncoiled DNA (interphase)

Mitosis

Prophase- DNA condenses, chromosomes visible, nucleus disappears, spindle forms, centrioles move to opposite poles

Metaphase- chromosomes line up in the middle, spindle attaches to chromosomes centrioles at each pole

Anaphase- chromatids are separated by spindle

Telophase- 2 nuclei, chromosomes become chromatin, spindle disappears

Cytokinesis

animal- 2 daughter cells pinch

plant- 2 cells, place forms

Internal and External Regulators

Internal- respond to inside events, main proteins called cyclins

External- respond to outside events, main proteins called growth factors

Cellular Circle of Life

apoptosis- programmed death cell

• cellular self destruction

• cells unproperly prepped for division may be destroyed to prevent cancer

Uncontrolled Cell Growth

cancer cells loose the ability to respond to signals that regulate cell growth

cells divide uncontrollably

as cells invade surrounding tissue: take nutrients, block nerves, prevent organ function, disrupt homeostasis

Benign- cells do not spread to other parts of the body

Malignant- invade and destroy surrounding tissue and spread to other parts

Metastasis- spread of cancer cells

Causes

defects in DNA that regulate cell division and growth

genes

mistake in gene

P35 gene

Mutation

Treatments

Surgery and Chemotherpay