Western Music
westernization
- occurred in many parts of the world as a result of colonization, which many considered good
- western music emerged in a lot of countries, making the piano a default instrument to learn in many countries
globalization
- led to technological advancements
- trades, transportation, and internet
- explore cultures easily
- reverse influence (eg.kpop)
- ‘soft power’: go into the hearts and minds of people, no literal killing
- singapore- banking system
- music
- ‘hard power’: a nation’s ability to use economic incentives or military strength to influence other’s behaviors
- US
- China
- russia
localization- self dependency
- covid
- trade war
- ukraine
Baroque (1600-1750)
- harmony: stacking diff notes together (diff layers)
- counterpoint: subset of harmony, type of harmony where you take independent melodies and push them together
- instruments
- polyphony: must exist for harmony to exist, you have instrument or piece of music that can combine many songs together
- monophony: single sound (eg. voice)
- composers of baroque:
- bach (period)
- vivaldi
- standardization of music
- patronage
- basso continuo: provided the harmonic structure of the music by supplying a bass line and chord progression
- figure base
- the church controlled music, publication, and presentation of music
- Stradivarius: the violin, cello, and other string instruments built by the members of the Italian family Stradivari. instrument found in auction houses
- castrati- group of boys who were castrated before puberty
classical (1750-1825)
- harpsichord: a keyboard instrument in which the string are plucked rather than hit with a hammer
- harmony and counterpoint (complex)
- Prominent composers in the classical period:
- Mozart & Haydn
- age of enlightenment
- moral philosophy than theology
- born free
- free inquiry
- Patronage
- no longer by church
- independent from employer
romantic (1820-1900)
- period of excess
- huge amount of training of composers
- too much supply→increased competition
- composers differentiated themselves by compressing melody into a bar
- diversified compositions
- tonal colour: composers take music and manipulate it to get diff textures
- composers during romantic period:
- liszt
- wagner
20th century (1910-2000)
- visual arts influences
- 17th century painters
- inward reflections- atonality - break away from the tonal center
- not able to sing the melody of the song
- 1900-1914→ break away from conventions
- extended technique
- using the technique to scream
- globalization
- piazolla
- other cultures
- westernization+modernization→globalization→
- EDM-’earworm’: repeating melody
- other cultures have made western music their own
- western music has become universal, it doesn’t belong to west alone