Western Music 

  • westernization   * occurred in many parts of the world as a result of colonization, which many considered good   * western music emerged in a lot of countries, making the piano a default instrument to learn in many countries

  • globalization   * led to technological advancements   * trades, transportation, and internet   * explore cultures easily   * reverse influence (eg.kpop)   * ‘soft power’: go into the hearts and minds of people, no literal killing     * singapore- banking system     * music   * ‘hard power’: a nation’s ability to use economic incentives or military strength to influence other’s behaviors     * US     * China     * russia

  • localization- self dependency   * covid   * trade war   * ukraine

  • Baroque (1600-1750)   * harmony: stacking diff notes together (diff layers)   * counterpoint: subset of harmony, type of harmony where you take independent melodies and push them together   * instruments     * polyphony: must exist for harmony to exist, you have instrument or piece of music that can combine many songs together     * monophony: single sound (eg. voice)     * composers of baroque:       * bach (period)       * vivaldi     * standardization of music       * patronage       * basso continuo: provided the harmonic structure of the music by supplying a bass line and chord progression         * figure base       * the church controlled music, publication, and presentation of music       * Stradivarius: the violin, cello, and other string instruments built by the members of the Italian family Stradivari. instrument found in auction houses       * castrati- group of boys who were castrated before puberty

  • classical (1750-1825)   * harpsichord: a keyboard instrument in which the string are plucked rather than hit with a hammer   * harmony and counterpoint (complex)   * Prominent composers in the classical period:     * Mozart & Haydn   * age of enlightenment     * moral philosophy than theology     * born free       * free inquiry   * Patronage     * no longer by church     * independent from employer

  • romantic (1820-1900)   * period of excess     * huge amount of training of composers     * too much supply→increased competition     * composers differentiated themselves by compressing melody into a bar       * diversified compositions     * tonal colour: composers take music and manipulate it to get diff textures     * composers during romantic period:       * liszt       * wagner

  • 20th century (1910-2000)   * visual arts influences     * 17th century painters     * inward reflections- atonality - break away from the tonal center       * not able to sing the melody of the song     * 1900-1914→ break away from conventions   * extended technique     * using the technique to scream   * globalization     * piazolla   * other cultures   * westernization+modernization→globalization→   * EDM-’earworm’: repeating melody   * other cultures have made western music their own     * western music has become universal, it doesn’t belong to west alone

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