biological processes
Heart structure
Cellular respiration in mitochondria
Uses oxygen and sugar from food as fuel to provide energy for life processes
Process of exhalation
1.
The diaphragm muscles are relaxed and the diaphragm returns to its normal structure (upwards)
2.
The intercostal muscles relax, meaning that the ribs return back to their normal position (inwards)
3.
As the thoracic volume decreases causing the pressure to increase.
4.
Air in the alveoli is pushed out through the bronchioles, bronchus, and finally out by the nasal cavity.
Process of inhalation
1.
Intercostal muscles contract, pulling the ribs outward
2.the diaphragm contracts and pulls down
3. as the volume and space in the lungs increases, the pressure drops
4.Air moves throughugh the nose, mouth, bronchus, and bronchioles, and gushes inside the lungs, filling the alveoli with fresh air.
Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart.
Gas Exchange
Carbon dioxide and oxygen switching, changing places
Particles of oxygen from the air sac diffuse into the blood.
What are the adaptations of the alveoli?
-they have moist thin walls
-they give the lungs a large surface area
-they have a lot of tiny blood vessels called capillaries
Pulmonary vein carries OXYGENATED blood.
Veins carry blood INTO the heart.
Pulmonary artery carries DEOXYGENATED blood.
Carbon dioxide is brought to the lungs by the blood.
Carbon dioxide goes into the alveoli from the blood vessel, but oxygen goes from the alveoli to the blood vessel
When we breathe, air moves into our alveoli in our lungs.
Oxygen diffuses from the air sacs into our blood.
This is then transported to cells all around our body where it used for cellular respiration.
During cellular respiration, cells make carbon dioxide. This diffuses from the cells into our blood and then into the alveoli in our lungs.
We breathe out air that has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and a lower concentration of oxygen.
Valves prevent the backflow of blood
Plasma
Fluid which carries other blood components
Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart.
Pulmonary vein carries OXYGENATED blood.
Pulmonary artery carries DEOXYGENATED blood.
Platelet
Plays an important role in blood clotting
Veins carry blood INTO the heart.
Capillaries
•
one cell thick
•
connect arteries and veins
•
carry blood under very low pressure
Flow of the blood through the heart
1.
Blood enters through the vena cava (vein)
2.
It fills up the right atrium
3.
Tricuspid valve opens up and blood flows through to right ventricle.
4.
right ventricle fills up and muscles contract forcing blood up and through semilunar valve.
5.
Blood leaves heart to lungs through pulmonary artery
6.
blood enters heart through pulmonary vein.
7.
It fills up left atrium
8.
bicuspid valve opens and blood flows through to left ventricle.
9.
Left ventricle fills up and muscles contract forcing blood up through semilunar valve.
10.
Blood leaves heart through aorta.
Arteries
•
carry blood away from the heart
•
carry blood under high pressure
•
thick muscular walls
Veins
•
carry blood to the heart
•
thin walls
•
have valves
•
large lumen
•
carry blood under low pressure
Heart structure
Red blood cell
Carries oxygen around the body
Blood is a tissue consisting of plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended.
What does the heart do?
Pumps blood around the body and the blood contains nutrients necessary for respiration: oxygen and glucose.
White blood cells more detail
•
responsible for immune responses
•
fight infections
•
engulfs invading pathogens and destroys them
Respiration
The process that the body uses to release energy from digested food(glucose).
Red blood cells more detail
•
no nucleus
•
bioncave shape
•
contains haemoglobin - to which oxygen molecules attack
White blood cell
Engulfs invading pathogens
Carbon dioxide goes into the alveoli from the blood vessel, but oxygen goes from the alveoli to the blood vessel
When we breathe, air moves into our alveoli in our lungs.
Oxygen diffuses from the air sacs into our blood.
This is then transported to cells all around our body where it used for cellular respiration.
During cellular respiration, cells make carbon dioxide. This diffuses from the cells into our blood and then into the alveoli in our lungs.
We breathe out air that has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and a lower concentration of oxygen.
Valves prevent the backflow of blood .