Key term/event | Definition (Who, What, When, Where…) | Significance (Why this term matters) |
1. Song Dynasty | The Song Dynasty lasted from 960-1279. The Song Dynasty covered much of Southeast Asia. Neo-Confucian was prevalent such as in supporting the government and shaping social classes. | The Song Dynasty matters because they had prosperity and arts flourished. |
2. Grand Canal | The Grand Canal was a waterway transportation system that spanned over 3,000 miles, it was not costly and it was efficient. | The Grand Canal matters because it would help improve transportation efficiency and cost. |
3. Champa rice | Champa Rice, a strain of rice that is resistant to droughts and ripens fast. It is present in current day Vietnam and it was developed through experimentation. This strain of rice caused substantial expansion of agricultural production in China. | Champa rice matters because it caused substantial expansion of agricultural production in China. |
4. Tributary system | The Tributary system was a system in which the Chinese emperor received goods and money from other states as mandatory tribute. | The Tributary system matters because it resulted in a surplus of wealth in China. |
5. Kowtow | A Kowtow is a ritual in which anyone who greets the Chinese emperor must bow their head down until it reaches the floor. | Kowtows matter because they are a form of respect for the Chinese emperor. |
6. Scholar Gentry | The Scholar Gentry is a new social class created by bureaucratic expansion. Which outnumbered the aristocracy (landowners who inherited their wealth). They were educated in Confucian philosophy and they were the most influential social class in China. | The Scholar Gentry matters because it is a new social class that outnumber the aristocracy and they were educated in confucian philosophy and became the most influential social class in China. |
7. Foot Binding | Foot binding in China was a practice that women in China especially among aristocratic families during the Song Dynasty must do. Social status might be determined by this and it restricted women’s agility greatly to where it prevented them from participating in the public sphere. | Foot binding matters because it prevents Women from participating in the public sphere. |
8. Zen Buddhism | Zen Buddhism is a faith that is composed of Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions. Zen Buddhism emphasized direct experience and meditation compared to formal education. | Zen Buddhism matters because what it emphasized was direct experience and meditation compared to formal education. |
9. Filial piety | Filial Piety is a duty of family members to set aside their desires for the male head of the family and for the ruler. | Filial Piety matters because it is used to honor and respect. |
10. Neo-Confucianism | Neo-Confucianism developed between 770-840. It combined abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism with rational thought. Neo-Confucianism had more emphasis on ethics than the wonders of God and Nature. It became Popular in countries that surround China. | Neo-Confucianism matters because it ended up changing emphasis on ethics from wonders of God and Nature in terms of religion in China. |
11. Sinification | Sinification is the assimilation of Chinese traditions and practices. | Sinification is important because it showcases how a country that is neighboring or close can absorb each other's traditions and practices. |
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain the systems of government employed by Chinese dynasties and how they developed over time. |
An imperial bureaucracy works by appointing officials to carry out the empire’s policies. A meritocracy works by appointing officials by having a civil service exam in which if a young man scores well on it then the young man could obtain a highly desirable job in the bureaucracy.
The Song Dynasty’s imperial bureaucracy represents a political continuity by continuing the use of an imperial bureaucracy since the Qin Dynasty.
The imperial bureaucracy changed over time by expanding.
Song China utilized Confucianism to maintain control by taking advantage of China’s privileged classes having increased access to literature and they consumed literature at a significant rate.
China’s imperial bureaucracy/meritocracy led to the decline of the Song because the bureaucracy became so large it contributed to the empire’s weakness.
|
Explain the effects of innovation on the Chinese economy over time. |
The Song Dynasty was able to start off strong due to the invention of gunpowder and usage of Champa rice that was introduced in previous dynasties.
The Grand Canal allowed for more efficient and less costly trade.
The Silk Road allowed China to trade items and technology with Eurasia.
Advancements in naval technology which allowed them to control the South China sea and redesigned ships to carry more cargo.
Innovations in agriculture such as usage of Champa rice which resulted in an expansion of agricultural goods which led to more population growth and economic success by expanding the choices for agricultural goods and expanding the growth of agricultural goods.
● How did steel impact Song China? Steel impacted Song China by allowing for making and reinforcing structures such as bridges, gates and ship anchors. It was also used to strengthen agricultural equipment and for religious items.
● Explain what commercialization means for an economy. Commercialization for an economy to center around certain industries to cause more economic success or economic stability.
Song China continued to rely on free peasant and artisan labor by having them produce more than they actually can sell.
The Tributary System supported both economic and political power for Song China by causing a surplus in wealth for China. |
Explain the effects of Chinese cultural traditions on East Asia over time. |
Song China differs from earlier history by and it makes this change happen due to urban areas growing in prominence which led to China becoming the most urbanized land in the world.
Aristocracy, Scholar Gentry, farmers, artisans, merchants, peasants
Many men in Chinese society were given more opportunity to participate in the social sphere because they were not limited in mobility as many aristocratic women had their feet binded.
● How did it migrate to China? Buddhism migrated to China by the Silk Road from India.
They all include a belief in the Four Noble Truths and they all embrace the Eight-Fold path.
Zen Buddhism is a syncretic religion because the religion is Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions.
The Song Dynasty was able to represent ethics rather than wonders of God and nature in religion by combining rational thought with more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism.
| |
| For each of the following countries, analyze the process and impact of sinification. JAPAN ○ Similarities to China: Promoted more than one religion Woodblock printing Chinese traditions in politics, art, and literature
○ Differences: Feudal Society in Japan No centralized government in Japan | |
| KOREA ○ Similarities to China: Centralized government Adopted both Confucian and Buddhist beliefs Chinese Writing System ○ Differences: Landed aristocracy more powerful in Korea No meritocracy in Korea | |
| VIETNAM ○ Similarities to China: Chinese writing system Chinese Architectural styles
○ Differences: Vietnamese preferred nuclear families No political centralization in Vietnam | |
Key Concept 1.2 - Developments in Dar al-Islam | Bentley Textbook Chapter 14 | AMSCO Reading |
| pages 15-22 | |
| pages 297 - 298
| |
| pages 298 - 309
|
UNIT 1.2| Developments in Dar al-Islam
Key term/event | Definition (Who, What, When, Where…) | Significance (Why this term matters) |
1. House of Wisdom | Renowned center of learning at Baghdad.
| This Islamic community helped transfer knowledge throughout Afro-Eurasia. |
2. Hijab | A term that represents a practice of modesty or a type of head covering. | Common clothing of a Muslim woman and what is expected of a Muslim woman to practice or wear. |
3. Swahili | ?? No information on this key term was found present in the textbook ?? | ?? No information on this key term was found present in the textbook ?? |
4. Battle of Tours | A battle in which the Islamic military and Frankish forces fought and the Islamic armies were in defeat, which was rare for them during this time. | The end of rapid expansion for the Islamic armies. |
5. “People of the book” (Dhimmi) | The Muslims, Christians, and Jews living in Al-Andalus | To further clarify what the Muslims considered as people who should not be enslaved. |
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450. | A. Throughout the chapter are references to the teachings of Islam and Muhammad. Go through and summarize the impact of Islamic teachings on:
● Tolerance: Tolerance of religion, allowing people of different religions to coexist peacefully.
|
Explain the causes and effects of the rise of Islamic states over time. |
Economic challenges also led to the decline of the Abbasid Empire because Baghdad lost its traditional place as the center of trade, it lost wealth and population.
They basically helped in the widely spreading of different bodies of knowledge.
E. How were slaves and women treated under Islam? Some enslaved women had served as mistresses in Islamic families where the man had already married 4 wives. Women could study and read but not in the company of men who are not related to them.
The defeat for the Islamic armies at the Battle of Tours. |
Key Concept 1.3 - Developments in South and Southeast Asia | Bentley Textbook Chapter 15 | AMSCO Reading |
| pages 324 - 332
| pages 23-32 |
| pages 314-324
|
Rather than focus on all of these various Hindu and Buddhist states, you should choose two or three of these to become familiar with for your writing
UNIT 1.3| Developments in South and Southeast Asia
Key term/event | Definition (Who, What, When, Where…) | Significance (Why this term matters) |
1. Delhi sultanate | Islamic forces bringing Islam into India created the Delhi Sultanate which reigned for 400 years. | A spread of Islam into India |
3. Proselytize | Actively seek converts | Some religions advocate for proselytizing which is to lead people to the “right religion” |
4. Caste system | Indian hierarchy based on occupation | The social classes of India were represented by the Caste system. |
6. Bhakti Movement | A movement that emphasized building a strong bond with a deity over formal learning. | It’s related to Sufism which is interesting considering the fact that it is not a movement that is related to Islam. |
7. Angkor Wat | A Buddhist and Hindu temple located in the Angkor kingdom or the Khmer Kingdom. | It reflects the interactions between Hinduism and Buddhism in Southeast Asia. |
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain how the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time. | SOUTH ASIA A. Most South Asians practiced which religions before the arrival of Islam? Buddhism, Daoism, and Hinduism Summarize the main differences between Hinduism and Islam. In Hinduism they believe there are multiple deities while Islam believes that there is only one God. While Hinduism has a caste system, Islam does not have a caste system but the status of people can be determined by piety.
Most converts were Buddhist, and low-caste Hindus (Hindus were looking forward to rise their social status.
Islam did little to alter the basic social structure of South Asia.
Islam impacted South Asian culture by women having their independence more limited as people became muslims.
E. How do the Bhaktis and Sufis compare? They both emphasize more focus on establishing a strong connection with their God(s)/Deity(ies).
SOUTHEAST ASIA A. How did Islam spread to Southeast Asia? Why did many in Southeast Asia convert? Islam spread to Southeast |
Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia developed and maintained power over time. | SOUTH ASIA
South Asia is characterized politically disunited, but religiously many are connected through Hinduism.
● Rajput Kingdoms: Kingdoms formed in northern India and Pakistan. They were Hindu kingdoms led by leaders of many clans who were often at war with one another.
SOUTHEAST ASIA A. What countries of today correspond with the region of Southeast Asia? China, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar
B. Summarize the importance of the sea-based kingdoms in Southeast Asia: ● Srivijaya Empire (670-1025): A kingdom which built up their navy and charged fees for ships traveling between India and China which led them to prosperity.
● Sinhala Dynasties: Became a center of Buddhist study and was located in Sri Lanka
|
Key Concept 1.4 - State Building in the Americas | Bentley Textbook Chapter 20 | AMSCO Reading |
| pages 428 -439
| pages 33-42 |
1.4| Developments in the Americas
Key term/event | Definition (Who, What, When, Where…) | Significance (Why this term matters) |
1. Cahokia | Largest of Earth mounds built by Missipians | It is the most significant Earth mound built by the Missippians |
2. Matrilineal society | Social standing was determined by the women’s side of the family. | Its social standing was determined by this term. |
3. City-State | They were ruled by a king and consisted of a city and its surrounding territory | This term matters because it explains how the government was set up and it also relates to the Greek City-States. |
4. Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztecs | The location was planned for defense against enemies. |
5. Great Pyramid | Pyramid built by the Aztecs that rose to 150 feet in the air and is built of stone. | It was used as a temple |
6. Chinampas | Floating gardens built by the Aztecs to increase the amount of space for food production. | It was used to aid in agricultural production. |
7. Theocracy | A Government ruled by religious leaders. | Government was greatly influenced by religion |
8. Pochteca | A special merchant class that traded in luxury goods. | It’s separated from the “ordinary” merchant class. |
9. Mita System | Mandatory public service. | Served as an replacement for a tribute system |
10. Carpa Nan | Massive road system built by the Inca that had some 25,000 miles of roads used mainly by the government and military. | It aided in the success of the Inca. |
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain how and why states in the Americas developed and changed over time. | Early Cultures A. Explain how the Mississippian Culture organized their government and society. They had a rigid class structure, which was laid out like this from top to bottom: Chief Called Great Sun, priests and nobles, farmers, hunters, merchants, and artisans, enslaved people.
It declined because of weather extremes as per a theory given for why the culture declined. There may be multiple theories because there is no record of why the culture might’ve declined.
The Maya City-States (peak: 250-900 CE)
The governing structure of the Maya consisted of city-states, each ruled by a King and consisting of a city and its surrounding land.
Mayans made offerings to the gods so prayers might be answered.
The Aztecs (c. 1200-1500 CE)
To ensure adequate needs for the population.
They had soldiers and their families stay in the conquered land to aid in control.
Aztec society was organized like this (top to bottom): Emperor (The Great Speaker), Land-Owning Nobles, scribes and healers, craftspeople and traders, pochteca, peasants and soldiers. Women wove the valuable cloth that local rulers demanded as part of the regular tribute.
Human sacrifice probably had a political component.
The lack of wheeled vehicles and pack animals, expansion of the empire beyond what it could reasonably govern.
The Inca (1438-1572 CE)
By dividing the empire into 4 provinces, each with its own governor and bureaucracy.
It’s different because it’s labor vs having to send some form of tribute.
Inti, the sun God. Inca’s rulers were considered to be Initi’s representative on Earth.
Summarize key achievements of the Inca; why were these significant to the empire? They developed the quipu which was used to record numerical information for trade. Terrace systems for the cultivation of crops such as potatoes and maize. Carpa Nan roadway system with 25,000 miles of roads.
Incan empire was in the midst of a civil war of succession after the death of emperor Huayna Capac, and the arrival of Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro.
Mesoamerican cultures are related to one another because most are based on the Olmec civilization. |
Key term/event | Definition (Who, What, When, Where…) | Significance (Why this term matters) |
1. Song Dynasty | The Song Dynasty lasted from 960-1279. The Song Dynasty covered much of Southeast Asia. Neo-Confucian was prevalent such as in supporting the government and shaping social classes. | The Song Dynasty matters because they had prosperity and arts flourished. |
2. Grand Canal | The Grand Canal was a waterway transportation system that spanned over 3,000 miles, it was not costly and it was efficient. | The Grand Canal matters because it would help improve transportation efficiency and cost. |
3. Champa rice | Champa Rice, a strain of rice that is resistant to droughts and ripens fast. It is present in current day Vietnam and it was developed through experimentation. This strain of rice caused substantial expansion of agricultural production in China. | Champa rice matters because it caused substantial expansion of agricultural production in China. |
4. Tributary system | The Tributary system was a system in which the Chinese emperor received goods and money from other states as mandatory tribute. | The Tributary system matters because it resulted in a surplus of wealth in China. |
5. Kowtow | A Kowtow is a ritual in which anyone who greets the Chinese emperor must bow their head down until it reaches the floor. | Kowtows matter because they are a form of respect for the Chinese emperor. |
6. Scholar Gentry | The Scholar Gentry is a new social class created by bureaucratic expansion. Which outnumbered the aristocracy (landowners who inherited their wealth). They were educated in Confucian philosophy and they were the most influential social class in China. | The Scholar Gentry matters because it is a new social class that outnumber the aristocracy and they were educated in confucian philosophy and became the most influential social class in China. |
7. Foot Binding | Foot binding in China was a practice that women in China especially among aristocratic families during the Song Dynasty must do. Social status might be determined by this and it restricted women’s agility greatly to where it prevented them from participating in the public sphere. | Foot binding matters because it prevents Women from participating in the public sphere. |
8. Zen Buddhism | Zen Buddhism is a faith that is composed of Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions. Zen Buddhism emphasized direct experience and meditation compared to formal education. | Zen Buddhism matters because what it emphasized was direct experience and meditation compared to formal education. |
9. Filial piety | Filial Piety is a duty of family members to set aside their desires for the male head of the family and for the ruler. | Filial Piety matters because it is used to honor and respect. |
10. Neo-Confucianism | Neo-Confucianism developed between 770-840. It combined abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism with rational thought. Neo-Confucianism had more emphasis on ethics than the wonders of God and Nature. It became Popular in countries that surround China. | Neo-Confucianism matters because it ended up changing emphasis on ethics from wonders of God and Nature in terms of religion in China. |
11. Sinification | Sinification is the assimilation of Chinese traditions and practices. | Sinification is important because it showcases how a country that is neighboring or close can absorb each other's traditions and practices. |
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain the systems of government employed by Chinese dynasties and how they developed over time. |
An imperial bureaucracy works by appointing officials to carry out the empire’s policies. A meritocracy works by appointing officials by having a civil service exam in which if a young man scores well on it then the young man could obtain a highly desirable job in the bureaucracy.
The Song Dynasty’s imperial bureaucracy represents a political continuity by continuing the use of an imperial bureaucracy since the Qin Dynasty.
The imperial bureaucracy changed over time by expanding.
Song China utilized Confucianism to maintain control by taking advantage of China’s privileged classes having increased access to literature and they consumed literature at a significant rate.
China’s imperial bureaucracy/meritocracy led to the decline of the Song because the bureaucracy became so large it contributed to the empire’s weakness.
|
Explain the effects of innovation on the Chinese economy over time. |
The Song Dynasty was able to start off strong due to the invention of gunpowder and usage of Champa rice that was introduced in previous dynasties.
The Grand Canal allowed for more efficient and less costly trade.
The Silk Road allowed China to trade items and technology with Eurasia.
Advancements in naval technology which allowed them to control the South China sea and redesigned ships to carry more cargo.
Innovations in agriculture such as usage of Champa rice which resulted in an expansion of agricultural goods which led to more population growth and economic success by expanding the choices for agricultural goods and expanding the growth of agricultural goods.
● How did steel impact Song China? Steel impacted Song China by allowing for making and reinforcing structures such as bridges, gates and ship anchors. It was also used to strengthen agricultural equipment and for religious items.
● Explain what commercialization means for an economy. Commercialization for an economy to center around certain industries to cause more economic success or economic stability.
Song China continued to rely on free peasant and artisan labor by having them produce more than they actually can sell.
The Tributary System supported both economic and political power for Song China by causing a surplus in wealth for China. |
Explain the effects of Chinese cultural traditions on East Asia over time. |
Song China differs from earlier history by and it makes this change happen due to urban areas growing in prominence which led to China becoming the most urbanized land in the world.
Aristocracy, Scholar Gentry, farmers, artisans, merchants, peasants
Many men in Chinese society were given more opportunity to participate in the social sphere because they were not limited in mobility as many aristocratic women had their feet binded.
● How did it migrate to China? Buddhism migrated to China by the Silk Road from India.
They all include a belief in the Four Noble Truths and they all embrace the Eight-Fold path.
Zen Buddhism is a syncretic religion because the religion is Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions.
The Song Dynasty was able to represent ethics rather than wonders of God and nature in religion by combining rational thought with more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism.
| |
| For each of the following countries, analyze the process and impact of sinification. JAPAN ○ Similarities to China: Promoted more than one religion Woodblock printing Chinese traditions in politics, art, and literature
○ Differences: Feudal Society in Japan No centralized government in Japan | |
| KOREA ○ Similarities to China: Centralized government Adopted both Confucian and Buddhist beliefs Chinese Writing System ○ Differences: Landed aristocracy more powerful in Korea No meritocracy in Korea | |
| VIETNAM ○ Similarities to China: Chinese writing system Chinese Architectural styles
○ Differences: Vietnamese preferred nuclear families No political centralization in Vietnam | |
Key Concept 1.2 - Developments in Dar al-Islam | Bentley Textbook Chapter 14 | AMSCO Reading |
| pages 15-22 | |
| pages 297 - 298
| |
| pages 298 - 309
|
UNIT 1.2| Developments in Dar al-Islam
Key term/event | Definition (Who, What, When, Where…) | Significance (Why this term matters) |
1. House of Wisdom | Renowned center of learning at Baghdad.
| This Islamic community helped transfer knowledge throughout Afro-Eurasia. |
2. Hijab | A term that represents a practice of modesty or a type of head covering. | Common clothing of a Muslim woman and what is expected of a Muslim woman to practice or wear. |
3. Swahili | ?? No information on this key term was found present in the textbook ?? | ?? No information on this key term was found present in the textbook ?? |
4. Battle of Tours | A battle in which the Islamic military and Frankish forces fought and the Islamic armies were in defeat, which was rare for them during this time. | The end of rapid expansion for the Islamic armies. |
5. “People of the book” (Dhimmi) | The Muslims, Christians, and Jews living in Al-Andalus | To further clarify what the Muslims considered as people who should not be enslaved. |
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450. | A. Throughout the chapter are references to the teachings of Islam and Muhammad. Go through and summarize the impact of Islamic teachings on:
● Tolerance: Tolerance of religion, allowing people of different religions to coexist peacefully.
|
Explain the causes and effects of the rise of Islamic states over time. |
Economic challenges also led to the decline of the Abbasid Empire because Baghdad lost its traditional place as the center of trade, it lost wealth and population.
They basically helped in the widely spreading of different bodies of knowledge.
E. How were slaves and women treated under Islam? Some enslaved women had served as mistresses in Islamic families where the man had already married 4 wives. Women could study and read but not in the company of men who are not related to them.
The defeat for the Islamic armies at the Battle of Tours. |
Key Concept 1.3 - Developments in South and Southeast Asia | Bentley Textbook Chapter 15 | AMSCO Reading |
| pages 324 - 332
| pages 23-32 |
| pages 314-324
|
Rather than focus on all of these various Hindu and Buddhist states, you should choose two or three of these to become familiar with for your writing
UNIT 1.3| Developments in South and Southeast Asia
Key term/event | Definition (Who, What, When, Where…) | Significance (Why this term matters) |
1. Delhi sultanate | Islamic forces bringing Islam into India created the Delhi Sultanate which reigned for 400 years. | A spread of Islam into India |
3. Proselytize | Actively seek converts | Some religions advocate for proselytizing which is to lead people to the “right religion” |
4. Caste system | Indian hierarchy based on occupation | The social classes of India were represented by the Caste system. |
6. Bhakti Movement | A movement that emphasized building a strong bond with a deity over formal learning. | It’s related to Sufism which is interesting considering the fact that it is not a movement that is related to Islam. |
7. Angkor Wat | A Buddhist and Hindu temple located in the Angkor kingdom or the Khmer Kingdom. | It reflects the interactions between Hinduism and Buddhism in Southeast Asia. |
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain how the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time. | SOUTH ASIA A. Most South Asians practiced which religions before the arrival of Islam? Buddhism, Daoism, and Hinduism Summarize the main differences between Hinduism and Islam. In Hinduism they believe there are multiple deities while Islam believes that there is only one God. While Hinduism has a caste system, Islam does not have a caste system but the status of people can be determined by piety.
Most converts were Buddhist, and low-caste Hindus (Hindus were looking forward to rise their social status.
Islam did little to alter the basic social structure of South Asia.
Islam impacted South Asian culture by women having their independence more limited as people became muslims.
E. How do the Bhaktis and Sufis compare? They both emphasize more focus on establishing a strong connection with their God(s)/Deity(ies).
SOUTHEAST ASIA A. How did Islam spread to Southeast Asia? Why did many in Southeast Asia convert? Islam spread to Southeast |
Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia developed and maintained power over time. | SOUTH ASIA
South Asia is characterized politically disunited, but religiously many are connected through Hinduism.
● Rajput Kingdoms: Kingdoms formed in northern India and Pakistan. They were Hindu kingdoms led by leaders of many clans who were often at war with one another.
SOUTHEAST ASIA A. What countries of today correspond with the region of Southeast Asia? China, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar
B. Summarize the importance of the sea-based kingdoms in Southeast Asia: ● Srivijaya Empire (670-1025): A kingdom which built up their navy and charged fees for ships traveling between India and China which led them to prosperity.
● Sinhala Dynasties: Became a center of Buddhist study and was located in Sri Lanka
|
Key Concept 1.4 - State Building in the Americas | Bentley Textbook Chapter 20 | AMSCO Reading |
| pages 428 -439
| pages 33-42 |
1.4| Developments in the Americas
Key term/event | Definition (Who, What, When, Where…) | Significance (Why this term matters) |
1. Cahokia | Largest of Earth mounds built by Missipians | It is the most significant Earth mound built by the Missippians |
2. Matrilineal society | Social standing was determined by the women’s side of the family. | Its social standing was determined by this term. |
3. City-State | They were ruled by a king and consisted of a city and its surrounding territory | This term matters because it explains how the government was set up and it also relates to the Greek City-States. |
4. Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztecs | The location was planned for defense against enemies. |
5. Great Pyramid | Pyramid built by the Aztecs that rose to 150 feet in the air and is built of stone. | It was used as a temple |
6. Chinampas | Floating gardens built by the Aztecs to increase the amount of space for food production. | It was used to aid in agricultural production. |
7. Theocracy | A Government ruled by religious leaders. | Government was greatly influenced by religion |
8. Pochteca | A special merchant class that traded in luxury goods. | It’s separated from the “ordinary” merchant class. |
9. Mita System | Mandatory public service. | Served as an replacement for a tribute system |
10. Carpa Nan | Massive road system built by the Inca that had some 25,000 miles of roads used mainly by the government and military. | It aided in the success of the Inca. |
Objective | Key Developments |
Explain how and why states in the Americas developed and changed over time. | Early Cultures A. Explain how the Mississippian Culture organized their government and society. They had a rigid class structure, which was laid out like this from top to bottom: Chief Called Great Sun, priests and nobles, farmers, hunters, merchants, and artisans, enslaved people.
It declined because of weather extremes as per a theory given for why the culture declined. There may be multiple theories because there is no record of why the culture might’ve declined.
The Maya City-States (peak: 250-900 CE)
The governing structure of the Maya consisted of city-states, each ruled by a King and consisting of a city and its surrounding land.
Mayans made offerings to the gods so prayers might be answered.
The Aztecs (c. 1200-1500 CE)
To ensure adequate needs for the population.
They had soldiers and their families stay in the conquered land to aid in control.
Aztec society was organized like this (top to bottom): Emperor (The Great Speaker), Land-Owning Nobles, scribes and healers, craftspeople and traders, pochteca, peasants and soldiers. Women wove the valuable cloth that local rulers demanded as part of the regular tribute.
Human sacrifice probably had a political component.
The lack of wheeled vehicles and pack animals, expansion of the empire beyond what it could reasonably govern.
The Inca (1438-1572 CE)
By dividing the empire into 4 provinces, each with its own governor and bureaucracy.
It’s different because it’s labor vs having to send some form of tribute.
Inti, the sun God. Inca’s rulers were considered to be Initi’s representative on Earth.
Summarize key achievements of the Inca; why were these significant to the empire? They developed the quipu which was used to record numerical information for trade. Terrace systems for the cultivation of crops such as potatoes and maize. Carpa Nan roadway system with 25,000 miles of roads.
Incan empire was in the midst of a civil war of succession after the death of emperor Huayna Capac, and the arrival of Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro.
Mesoamerican cultures are related to one another because most are based on the Olmec civilization. |
