DNA Structure and Replication Review
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RNA DNA
| Ribose | Deoxyribose |
|---|---|
| Uracil | Thymine |
| Single stranded | Double stranded |
| Transcribes and regulated genetic information | Replicates & stores genetic information |
Monomer of DNA & RNA- nucletoides
Backbone- covalent bonds
Bases- hydrogen bonds
Leading Strand- 3’-5’
DNA Replication-
Where?- Nucleus
Key Players-
- Helicase
Unzips the two strands of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds that holds DNA together
- DNA Polymerase
Replicates DNA models
- DNA Primase
Makes primase so DNA Polymerase knows where to go to start work
- Ligase
Helps glue DNA fragments together
#1. Start at the origin. Helicase comes in and unwinds the DNA. SSBP proteins bind to the DNA stands to keep them separated. Topoisomerase keeps the DNA from supercoiling.
#2. Primase comes in and makes RNA primers on both strands.
#3. DNA Polymerase buils new strands. It can only build the new strand in the 5’ prime to 3’ prime direction. The fragments that are made are Okazaki fragments
#4. Ligase seals the Okazaki fragments
mRNA tRNA rRNA
| Carries genetic information from the cytoplasm for protein synthesis | Carries amino acids/anticodons to the mRNA to make a polypeptide chain | Makes up the ribosome |
|---|---|---|
| transcription | translation | translation |
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