PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1205 MIDTERMS (copy)

1.) Philippine Bureaucracy

• A system of administration based upon organization into bureaus, division of labor, hierarchy of authority; designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.

  What is Bureaucracy?

  specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labor, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control, strict chain of command, and legal authority. A system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a large number of officials employed to follow rules carefully.

Characteristics of Beureaucracy:

• Complex multi-level administrative hierarchy

• Departmental specialization

• Strict division of authority

• Standard set of formal rules or operating procedures

Max Weber - A German sociologist that was the first person to formally study bureaucracy.

• Wrote “Economy and Society” (1921) arguing that a bureaucracy represented the most proficient form of organization, due to its possession of specialized expertise, certainty, continuity, and unity of purpose.

  HOWEVER, he also warned that uncontrolled bureaucracy could threaten individual freedom, leaving people trapped in an “iron cage” of impersonal, irrational, and inflexible rules.

What are Institutions?

• are formal rules, informal constraints and their enforcement characteristics; together they generate regularity in behavior and allow people to get on with everyday business.

  • either informal or Formal

common notions and realities of Beureaucracy:

• slow moving

• procedure - obssessive

• bloated which block rather than facilitate the day-today business of citizens

• outdated and convoluted compensation structure

• unable to reach its potential as a “repository of expertise and Institutional memory and an efficient implemented of policy

characteristics of Philippine Beureaucracy:

• vulnerability to nepotism

• perpetuation of spoils system

• apathetic public reaction of bureaucratic misconduct

• availability of external peaceful means of correcting bureaucratic weakness

Types of behavior of the Philippine Beureaucracy

• conformity to policies

• preference toward continuity

• loss of self-assertion

• politically supportive

2.) Civil Service

• The service responsible for the public administration of the government of a country

• The designation given to government employment for which a person qualifies on the basis of merit rather than political Patronage or personal favor.

classes of positions in the career service:

1st level - clerical, trafes, crafts, and custodial service positions

2nd level - professional, technical and scientific positions

3rd level - covers all positions higher than chief of division (salary grade 25 and up); positions in executive and managerial class

Non-career service - entrance of employees is based on factors other than the usual test of merit and fitness. tenure is limited to a period specified by law; project based, and Contractual.

Career Executive Service (CES) - executive and managerial 3rd level positions, excluding those specified under NEC.

Non-Executive Career (NEC) - career positions at the 3rd level including scientists, professionals, foreign service officers, judiciary, prosecution services and 3rd level positions in LGUs

Incentives:

• monetary - wages & other incentives: salary standardization law, internal and external inequities, gender-based considerations. Salary Grade Levels.

• Non-monetary - sense of missions, professional status, ideology, etc.

Civil Service Commission (CSC)

• constitutionally mandated to administer the civil service

• directed by a chair and two commissioners

• covers all branches, instrumentalities, and agencies of the government, including government owned and controlled corporations with original carter's.

• “To make every civil servant a servant-hero”

• premier HR office of the Philippines

recruitment and selection:

• announcement of job opportunities

• competitive application, and qualification standards, among others.

• controlled by that agency's own human resource development office

Examination-based entry & appointment system:

• eligibility is generally earned by passing the civil service examination except:

  • university graduates with academic honors (Summa cum laude, magna cum laude, etc.)

  • board examination passers

• training and development

• grievance and redress system

initiatives by the CSC:

Empowered Public Sector Employee Organizations (PSEO)

• fulfills mandate of strengthening employee relations

• protects workers’ rights to self organization

Case Learning Management system

• a program that facilitates the creation delivery and management program for the entire beureaucracy, also offering blended and e-learning courses and micro learning on the platform.

CSC Honor Awards Progam

• three award categories:

  1st - Presidential Bayan award

  2nd - dangal Bayan award

  3rd - CSC Pagasa award

Pamanang lingkod Bayani Program

• recognizes Philippine Public servants who risked their lives or were killed in the line of duty.

Contact Center ng Bayan

seeks public feedback and facilitates the inquiries of the citizens

World Bank's six dimension of governance

• Voice and accountability

• Political Stability and absence of violence

• government effectiveness

• regulatory quality

• control of corruption

• rule of law

3.) Public Resource Management

• Philippine Development Plan (2023 - 2028)

  • developed by Pres. Bongbong Marcos and the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

  • committed towards advancing the country's progress in achieving the Ambisyon Natin 2040 of a Matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay for all Filipinos

  • themes of PDP 2023-2028

    • digitalization

    • servicification

    • enhanced connectivity

    • greater collaboration between local and national government

    • partnership with local sector

  • Strategy Framework of PDP 2023 - 2028

    I. Matatag, Maginhawa, at panatag na buhay

    II. Economic and Social Transformation for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society

    a. Develop and protect capabilities of individuals and Families

    • Promote human and social development

      • boost health

      • improve education and lifelong learning

      • establish livable communities

    • Reduce vulnerabilities and protect purchasing power

      • ensure food security and proper nutrition

      • strengthen social protection

    • Increase income learning ability

      • increase employability

      • expand employment opportunities

      • achieve shared labor market governance

    b. Transform production sectors to generate more quality jobs and competitive products

    • Modernize agriculture and agri-business

    • revitalize industry

    • reinvigorate services

    III. Practice good governance and improve bureaucratic efficiency

    IV. Ensure peace and security, and enhance administration of justice

    V. Ensure macroeconomic stability and expand inclusive and innovative finance

    VI. expand and upgrade infrastructure

    VII. accelerate climate action and strengthen disaster resilience

• Budget cycle

  1.) Budget Preparation

  a. Budget call

  b. citizen engagement

  c. RDC consultations

  D. Program Convergence

  e. Agency tier 1 proposals

  f. tier 1 deliberations

  g. budget priorities framework

  h. agency tier 2 proposals

  i. tier 2 deliberations

  j. presentation to the president and cabinet

  k. consolidation, validation, and confirmation

  l. the President's budget

  2.) Budget legislation

  a. house deliberations

  b. senate deliberations

  c. bicameral deliberations

  d. ratification and enrollment

  e. enactment

  f. disbursement

  3.) Budget Execution

  a. early procurement activities

  b. budget program

  c. allotment release

  d. obligation

  e. cash allocation

  f. performance review

  4.) Budget accountability

  a. performative targets

  b. citizen engagement

  c. monitoring and evaluaiton

  d. agencies’ accountability reports

  e. performance review

  f. In-year reports

  g. DBCC mid-year reports

  h. DBCC year-end reports

  i. audit

Types of Audit

a. Financial Audit - to determine whether the financial statements are prepared in all material respects, in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework.

b. Performance Audit - To determine whether government undertakings, systems, operations, programmes, activities or organizations are operating in accordance with the principles of economy, efficiency and effectiveness, and whether there is room for improvement.

c. Compliance audit - to determine whether activities, financial transactions and information comply, in all material respects, with the authorities that govern the audited entity.