Module 13

Ignore the numbering here, I don’t know why it’s starting with 2 on most of these.

Module Objectives

Implement a WLAN
Using wireless router and Wireless LAN Controller (WLC)

Topics Overview

2. Remote Site WLAN Configuration
   Configure a WLAN to support a remote site, including various deployment scenarios, security features, and network management.

3. Configure a Basic WLAN on the WLC
   Use management interface and WPA2 PSK authentication to establish a secure and reliable wireless environment for users.

4. Configure a WPA2 Enterprise WLAN on the WLC
   Utilize VLAN interfaces, integrate a DHCP server, and set up RADIUS-based authentication for scalable user management and security.

5. Troubleshoot WLAN Issues
   Identify and resolve common wireless configuration problems through a systematic approach to ensure continuous network availability and performance.

Remote Site WLAN Configuration

Purpose: Enables seamless wireless access for remote workers, small branch offices, and home networks, enhancing productivity and connectivity regardless of location.

Wireless Routers:

• Serve as the central device in wireless networks, integrating wired switch functionality for wired clients and having a WAN port for internet connectivity.

• Contain essential components for granting wireless access, such as antennas and radio transceivers.

• Feature comprehensive capabilities including enhanced security protocols, DHCP services for automated IP address allocation, Network Address Translation (NAT) for connecting private networks to the internet, and Quality of Service (QoS) settings to prioritize critical traffic types for better performance.

Steps to Log into the Wireless Router

1. Open a web browser and enter the router's default IP address, typically listed in the router's documentation.

2. Default usernames and passwords can often be found in the router's user manual or online—commonly the username is 'admin'.

3. Security Note: It is crucial to change the default login credentials upon first access to prevent unauthorized access to the network settings.

Basic Network Setup Steps

2. Log in to the router using a web browser, ensuring secure connectivity.

3. Change the default administrative password to a strong, unique password to enhance security.

4. Alter the default DHCP IPv4 address range to better suit your network's requirements, preventing potential conflicts with existing devices.

5. Renew the IP address to ensure your network services are updated.

Basic Wireless Setup Steps

2. View WLAN defaults in the router interface to understand how the network is currently configured.

3. Change the network mode to match the desired 802.11 standard (e.g., 802.11b/g/n/ac) for compatibility and performance.

4. Configure the SSID and channels, ensuring to choose non-overlapping channels to minimize interference and improve connection stability.

5. Select the security mode, choosing between options like Open, WPA, or WPA2, to protect the network from unauthorized access.

6. Set a strong passphrase for the selected security mode, ensuring it is difficult to guess.

Wireless Mesh Network Overview

Utilize multiple access points to create a wireless mesh network (WMN), extending WLAN range effectively beyond 45 meters indoors and up to 90 meters outdoors, capable of covering larger geographical areas.

Mesh Creation:

• Ensure all access points share the same SSID and security settings for a coherent network experience.

• Employ different channels on each access point to minimize interference, contributing to a more stable connection.

• Utilize smartphone applications which simplify the setup process for WMNs, making deployment quicker and more efficient.

NAT for IPv4

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a critical function that translates private IPv4 addresses into public ones, enabling devices on the local area network (LAN) to communicate with the external internet, ensuring both security and address concealment.

Quality of Service (QoS)

QoS techniques prioritize specific types of network traffic, such as voice and video, over less critical traffic like emails and file downloads. This ensures that latency-sensitive applications receive the bandwidth they need for optimal performance.

Port Forwarding

This method allows specific ports through the router firewall, enabling external devices to access services within the local network.

• Port Triggering: Temporarily forwards data to a specific device based on outbound requests, enhancing flexibility in network communication without compromising security.

Packet Tracer Activity

Engage in practical configuration scenarios to:

• Set up a wireless network

• Connect wired and wireless devices to the network

• Extend coverage effectively by adding additional access points (APs) while maintaining performance standards.

Basic WLAN Configuration on the WLC

WLC Overview:

• The Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) serves as a centralized management point, allowing for easy control of multiple access points and providing services beyond a basic router setup, such as advanced security features and traffic management.

Hardware Setup:

• Lightweight APs communicate with a WLC using the Lightweight Access Point Protocol (LWAPP), allowing for streamlined operations and reduced configuration complexity.

Steps to Configure a WLAN on the WLC

2. Access the WLC interface and review the operational overview to understand the current system setup.

3. Create a new WLAN and apply necessary security settings tailored to user and organizational requirements.

4. Assign a VLAN interface for effective traffic management and isolation of different types of data.

5. Monitor and verify WLAN operation and client connectivity, ensuring all devices are correctly communicating with the WLC.

WPA2 Enterprise WLAN Configuration

Implementing WPA2 Enterprise security involves:

• Setting up a RADIUS server for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA), ensuring that all users are properly vetted before connecting.

Setup Steps:

• Configure SNMP parameters and RADIUS server settings within the WLC for efficient user authentication.

• Establish a dedicated VLAN and configure DHCP scopes for IP allocation, ensuring users receive valid IP addresses when connecting.

• Enable WLAN with WPA2 Enterprise security settings to strengthen protection against unauthorized access and data breaches.

RADIUS Server Setup

The RADIUS server must be thoroughly configured to authenticate users connecting to a WLAN. This setup is crucial for maintaining security protocols and managing user credentials effectively across the network.

Troubleshooting WLAN Issues

Approach: A systematic methodology is essential for troubleshooting WLAN issues effectively, ensuring a clear pathway to resolution.

Steps in Troubleshooting:

2. Identify the problem through detailed conversations with users experiencing the issue to gather relevant insights.

3. Establish a theory of probable causes based on initial findings and known issues within similar setups.

4. Test the theory methodically, employing diagnostic tools and commands to determine the root cause of the problem.

5. Plan and implement a tailored solution based on findings.

6. Verify system functionality post-fix by ensuring all affected services are restored and running correctly.

7. Document findings meticulously for future reference, enhancing the troubleshooting protocol for subsequent incidents.

Common Connection Issues

Confirm that all network configuration settings are accurate and align with expected standards. Use commands such as ipconfig on Windows systems or ifconfig on Unix-based systems to check connectivity and IP settings.

Examine physical connections thoroughly, ensuring all cables and devices are properly connected.

Addressing Slow Networks

Investigate potential performance issues by:

• Upgrading older wireless devices that may be limiting network speeds.

• Balancing traffic effectively across available frequency bands.

• Checking for physical obstructions that impede wireless signals, such as walls or electronic devices.

Firmware Updates

Regularly checking for firmware updates on routers and access points is essential for ensuring ongoing security and performance enhancements, protecting the network from vulnerabilities and optimizing device functionality.

Module Summary

A thorough understanding of basic WLAN setup and configuration of the Wireless LAN Controller (WLC), implementation of various security methods, and a solid grasp of troubleshooting steps is critical for effective WLAN management, ensuring a reliable and secure network experience for all users.

New Terms and Commands

2. Network Address Translation (NAT)

3. Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)

4. Port Forwarding

5. Port Triggering