Computer_Basics__Understanding_Applications

About This Tutorial

• This tutorial aims to help users understand how computers work and how to use them.

• Topics covered include:

  • Setting up a computer

  • Differences between hardware and software

  • Types of computers

  • Operating systems

  • Applications and cloud use

• Aimed at beginners and those looking to expand their knowledge about computers.

What is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information (data).

  • Stores, retrieves, and processes data.

• Common uses include:

  • Typing documents

  • Sending emails

  • Playing games

  • Browsing the web

  • Editing or creating spreadsheets, presentations, and videos.

Hardware vs. Software

• Hardware: Physical components of a computer.

  • Includes parts like keyboards, mice, and internal hardware.

• Software: Instructions that tell the hardware how to operate.

  • Examples: Web browsers, games, word processors.

Different Types of Computers

• Different types of computers serve various functions:

  • Personal computers (PCs): Most common form, includes desktops and laptops.

  • Desktop Computers: Designed to sit on a desk, comes in various parts like CPU, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

    • Commonly used for productivity tasks at home or office.

  • Laptop Computers: Portable and battery-powered, allows usage in various locations like home, work, and school.

  • Tablet Computers: Portable with touch-sensitive screens, can execute many tasks but not as powerful as desktops/laptops.

    • Example: iPad.

  • Servers: Store information and serve data to other computers in a network.

  • Specialized Devices: Devices like ATMs, game consoles, and smartphones also function as computers.

Components of a Computer

• Computer Case: Houses the main components including:

  • Motherboard

  • CPU

  • Power supply

  • Available in different shapes (tower, desktop, or all-in-one).

• Monitor: Displays visual output from the computer; can be LCD/LED (modern) or CRT (older).

• Keyboard: Main input device used for typing and communication with the computer.

• Mouse: Pointing device for navigating the computer interface, with optical and mechanical types available.

Buttons and Ports on a Computer

• Learning the buttons, ports, and connectors is essential as different computers may have varying types and placements.

• Common types of ports include:

  • USB

  • HDMI

  • Ethernet

• Understanding how to use these ports helps in connecting peripherals like printers and external drives.

Peripherals

• Printers: Create physical copies of documents; types include inkjet, laser, and all-in-one.

• Scanners: Convert physical documents into digital form.

• Speakers/Headphones: Output devices for sound.

• Microphones: Input devices for sound recording.

Inside a Computer

• Motherboard: Main circuit board that connects all components; houses CPU, memory, and storage connections.

• CPU: Known as the brain of the computer; processes instructions and manages operations.

• RAM (Random Access Memory): Short-term memory used for active tasks and data processing.

• Hard Drive: Long-term storage for software and files; data remains after powering off the computer.

• Power Supply Unit: Converts power from the outlet to usable energy for the computer.

• Expansion Cards: Add capabilities to the computer (e.g. video cards, sound cards).

Laptop Computers

• Designed for portability with an all-in-one design, including:

  • Built-in monitor

  • Keyboard

  • Touchpad

• Laptops are generally more expensive but have similar functionality to desktops.

Mobile Devices

• Tablet Computers: Portable, touch-based devices; limited in capability compared to full computers.

• Smartphones: Handheld devices for calls, texting, internet browsing; can replace many traditional electronics.

• E-readers: Devices primarily designed for reading e-books, often featuring easy-to-read e-ink displays.

Operating Systems

• Software that manages computer hardware and software resources.

• Most common OS:

  • Windows: Most widely used, various versions available.

  • macOS: Used on Apple computers; less common than Windows.

  • Linux: Open-source OS used mostly for servers and by a small percentage of users.

• Mobile devices use specialized operating systems such as iOS and Android.

Applications (Apps)

• Software that performs specific tasks; can be desktop or mobile apps.

• Common types include:

  • Word Processors: Used for document creation (e.g., Microsoft Word).

  • Web Browsers: Access the internet (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).

  • Media Players: Play music or videos (e.g., iTunes).

  • Games: Various types available depending on computer capabilities.

• Apps are also available for smartphones and tablets, including tools for communication and entertainment.