Recording-2025-04-02T00_27_02

Louis XVI: King at the start of the French Revolution; executed by the public. Marie Antoinette: Unpopular queen known for "let them eat cake." Jean-Paul Marat: Advocated violence for revolutionary protection. Maximilien Robespierre: Led the Jacobins and the Reign of Terror. Napoleon Bonaparte: Overthrew the Directory, became Emperor, promoted nationalism, enacted the Napoleonic Code. Klemens von Metternich: Led the Congress of Vienna to restore order. Estates System: 1st Estate (Clergy, 1%), 2nd Estate (Nobility, 1%), 3rd Estate (Common people, 98%). Bastille: Stormed for arms, symbol of oppression. Declaration of the Rights of Man: Established citizen equality (excluding women). Tennis Court Oath: National Assembly's pledge for a new constitution. Legislative Assembly: Aimed for constitutional monarchy. National Convention: Replaced monarchy with a republic. Committee of Public Safety: Enforced revolutionary ideals. Reign of Terror: Period of fear; approx. 40,000 executions. Emigrés: Fled France for safety. Nationalism: Love for one's country. Guillotine: Seen as an egalitarian execution method. Napoleonic Code: Legal equality framework. Exile of Napoleon: First to Elba, then to Saint Helena. Waterloo: His final battle before exile. Congress of Vienna: Restored European order post-Napoleon. Balance of Power: Prevented domination of one country. Legitimacy: Restored rightful monarchies. Concert of Europe: Maintained peace among powers. The Enlightenment: Emphasized liberty and equality. John Locke: Advocated fair government and property rights. American Revolution: Inspired by Enlightenment ideals. Outdated Class System: Class divisions viewed as unjust.