Reflexes

Flashcard 1
Q: Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following, except:
A: whether they are sensory or motor.

Flashcard 2
Q: Reflexes based on synapses formed at expected times during development and are similar among the population are:
A: innate reflexes.

Flashcard 3
Q: In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater?
A: a polysynaptic reflex.

Flashcard 4
Q: The stretch reflex:
A: is important in regulating skeletal muscle length.

Flashcard 5
Q: All of the following are true of polysynaptic reflexes, except that they:
A: are arranged according to dermatomes.

Flashcard 6
Q: The flexor reflex:
A: moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

Flashcard 7
Q: The_____ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles.
A: crossed extensor.

Flashcard 8
Q: Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in order to relax antagonistic muscles in a process called:
A: reciprocal inhibition.

Flashcard 9
Q: Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex?
A: causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze.

Flashcard 10
Q: Tina's knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex). These results suggest that:
A: Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord.

Flashcard 11
Q: Reflexes that activate muscles on the same side of the body as the stimulus are called:
A: Ipsilateral.

Flashcard 12
Q: Reflexes that activate muscles on the opposite side of the body as the stimulus are called:
A: Contralateral.

Flashcard 13
Q: The term general senses refers to sensitivity to all of the following, except:
A: taste.

Flashcard 14
Q: Which of the following is not one of the special senses?
A: vibration.

Flashcard 15
Q: Central adaptation refers to:
A: inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.

Flashcard 16
Q: Thermoreceptors:
A: all of the answers.

Flashcard 17
Q: Receptors that monitor the position of joints belong to the category called:
A: proprioceptors.

Flashcard 18
Q: Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called:
A: baroreceptors.

Flashcard 19
Q: A receptor that responds to chemicals dissolved in solution is a:
A: chemoreceptor.

Flashcard 20
Q: In order for a sensation to become a perception, it must be received by the:
A: somatosensory cortex.

Flashcard 21
Q: Pain is to ______as cold is to:
A: nociceptors; thermoreceptors.

Flashcard 22
Q: Peripheral adaptation ________the number of action potentials that reach the CNS:
A: decreases.

Flashcard 23
Q: _____ are receptors in the aorta that monitor blood pressure:
A: Baroreceptors.

Flashcard 24
Q: Bladder fullness is to _____as blood pH is to:
A: baroreceptors; chemoreceptors.

Flashcard 25
Q: Autonomic motor neurons:
A: conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

Flashcard 26
Q: The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as:
A: thoracolumbar division.

Flashcard 27
Q: Craniosacral division is another name for the:
A: parasympathetic division of the ANS.

Flashcard 28
Q: A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a:
A: preganglionic.

Flashcard 29
Q: The _______division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the "rest and digest":
A: parasympathetic.

Flashcard 30
Q: Modified post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream are found within the:
A: adrenal medullae.

Flashcard 31
Q: The statement "its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is:
A: true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

Flashcard 32
Q: Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse with:
A: postganglionic neurons.

Flashcard 33
Q: Post-ganglionic neurons innervate such things as:
A: all of the answers.

Flashcard 34
Q: Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the:
A: vagus nerves.

Flashcard 35
Q: Sympathetic nerves:
A: are bundles of postganglionic fibers that innervate organs within the thoracic cavity.

Flashcard 36
Q: The adrenal medullae secrete:
A: both epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Flashcard 37
Q: The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter." is:
A: true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

Flashcard 38
Q: Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving:
A: both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation.

Flashcard 39
Q: Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon:
A: both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation.

Flashcard 40
Q: The statement "It controls the diameter of the pupil." is:
A: true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

Flashcard 41
Q: Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating:
A: excessive heart rate.

Flashcard 42
Q: Parasympathetic stimulation:
A: increases gastric motility.

Flashcard 43
Q: During sympathetic activation,:
A: all of the answers.

Flashcard 44
Q: A person is confronted by a dangerous situation. These signs are the result of:
A: all of the answers.

Flashcard 45
Q: Neurons that use norepinephrine as a transmitter are called:
A: adrenergic.