7 Short Term Effects

Effects (Latin: effectus)
- Definition: A change which is a result or consequence of one exercise session
- Example in a sentence: "Exercise benefits your body and has many positive effects, for example…"
- Components: Say it, write it, define it, video, image

Overview
- Short term effects are immediate changes the body experiences during one game or training session, such as during a 90 minute match, gym workout, or jog.
- Body returns to normal resting state after adequate rest.
- Affects multiple body systems:
  - Cardio-respiratory system
  - Cardiovascular system
  - Muscular system
  - Energy system

Breathing Changes
- Breathing rate increases (number of breaths per minute)
- Tidal volume increases (depth of breathing)
- Minute volume increases (volume of air per minute)
- Objective: These changes optimize oxygen intake and CO2 expulsion.

Circulation Changes
- Stroke volume increases (blood pumped per heartbeat)
- Heart rate increases (beats per minute)
- Cardiac output increases (blood pumped per minute)

Blood Pressure and Temperature Regulation
- Blood pressure increases to deliver oxygenated blood to working muscles efficiently.
- Body temperature increases; vasodilation occurs to facilitate heat loss and prevent overheating.

Muscle Changes and Flexibility
- Temperature of working muscles increases due to friction and blood flow.
- Increased elasticity of muscles enhances range of movement and reduces injury risk.
- Boosted nutrient transportation provides more sugar and oxygen to working muscles for energy.

Waste Product Accumulation
- Performance impacts due to waste product build-up leading to tiredness and discomfort.
- Specific waste products:
  - Lactic acid builds up during anaerobic activity.
  - Carbon dioxide must be expelled during aerobic activity.

Skeletal Muscle Function
- (i) Identify the main function of skeletal muscle for a sprinter:
  - Options: Protection, Movement, Muscle attachment, Blood cell production.
- (ii) Describe the short-term effects on sprinter's cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory systems post 100m race:
  - Include:
    - Breathing rate increases
    - Tidal volume increases
    - Minute volume increases
    - Heart rate increases
    - Stroke volume increases
    - Cardiac output increases
    - Blood pressure increases
    - Vasodilation causes body temperature to increase

Skeletal Muscle Function & Short-term Effects
- (i) Identify the main function of skeletal muscle for a sprinter:
  - Options: Protection, Movement, Muscle attachment, Blood cell production.
- (ii) Describe the short-term effects on sprinter's cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory systems post 100m race:
  - Expected responses include:
    - Breathing rate increases
    - Tidal volume increases
    - Minute volume increases
    - Heart rate increases
    - Stroke volume increases
    - Cardiac output increases
    - Blood pressure increases
    - Vasodilation leads to increased body temperature