AP

Unit 8: Intelligence + Testing

  1. intelligence - the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, use knowledge to adapt to new situations
  2. general intelligence(g) - underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence
  3. factor analysis - statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items
  4. savant syndrome - a condition where someone has mental disabilities but has an exceptional specific skill
  5. emotional intelligence - the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
  6. mental age - a measure of intelligence test performance; levels of performance typically associated with children of certain chronological age
  7. Stanford-Binet - widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
  8. Intelligence quotient (IQ) - (mental age)/(chronological age) x 100
  9. achievement tests - a test designed to assess what a person has learned
    1. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS) - widely used intelligence tests containing verbal and performance subtests
    2. Standardization - defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful test scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
    3. Normal curve - bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
    4. reliability - the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting
    5. validity - the extent to which a test measures if it predicts what it is supposed to
    6. content validity - the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
    7. predictive validity - the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
    8. intellectual disability - a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life
    9. down syndrome - trisomy 21; affected individuals experience cognitive delays, but the intellectual disability is usually mild to moderate
    10. stereotype threat - a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
    11. reification - viewing an abstract trait as concrete
    12. general intelligence is: supported by Charles Spearman
    13. L.L. Thurstone - 7 clusters of mental abilities; no single intelligence score
    14. Thurstone did not agree with: Spearman
    15. Howard Gardner - intelligence is not a single thing; not all can be merely identified through factor analysis
    16. Robert Sternberg - Triarchic theory; analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence
    17. analytical intelligence - academic problem-solving; singular answer questions, predicts school success
    18. creative intelligence - tests how a person responds to new situations; how they create fresh ideas
    19. practical intelligence - street smart; practical skills for everyday life
    20. EQ - emotional intelligence; ability to perceive, understand, manage, use emotions
    21. Sir Francis Galton - first researcher to attempt to measure intelligence; measured physical traits which did not correlate