intelligence - the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, use knowledge to adapt to new situations

general intelligence(g) - underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence

factor analysis - statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items

savant syndrome - a condition where someone has mental disabilities but has an exceptional specific skill

emotional intelligence - the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

mental age - a measure of intelligence test performance; levels of performance typically associated with children of certain chronological age

Stanford-Binet - widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test

Intelligence quotient (IQ) - (mental age)/(chronological age) x 100

achievement tests - a test designed to assess what a person has learned

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS) - widely used intelligence tests containing verbal and performance subtests

Standardization - defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful test scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Normal curve - bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

reliability - the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting

validity - the extent to which a test measures if it predicts what it is supposed to

content validity - the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

predictive validity - the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict

intellectual disability - a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life

down syndrome - trisomy 21; affected individuals experience cognitive delays, but the intellectual disability is usually mild to moderate

stereotype threat - a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

reification - viewing an abstract trait as concrete

general intelligence is: supported by Charles Spearman

L.L. Thurstone - 7 clusters of mental abilities; no single intelligence score

Thurstone did not agree with: Spearman

Howard Gardner - intelligence is not a single thing; not all can be merely identified through factor analysis

Robert Sternberg - Triarchic theory; analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, practical intelligence

analytical intelligence - academic problem-solving; singular answer questions, predicts school success

creative intelligence - tests how a person responds to new situations; how they create fresh ideas

practical intelligence - street smart; practical skills for everyday life

EQ - emotional intelligence; ability to perceive, understand, manage, use emotions

Sir Francis Galton - first researcher to attempt to measure intelligence; measured physical traits which did not correlate