🧪 Adv. Chem: Info on Solution, Solutes, and Solvents.
The solvent is what dissolves the solute. For example, in salt water the solvent is water because it is dissolving the salt (which is the solute).
Soluble means something can be dissolved.
Insoluble means something cannot be dissolved.
Examples include: Sugar is soluble in water, while oil is insoluble in water.
When a solution is saturated, it cannot dissolve more solute (it’s full).
When a solution is unsaturated, it can dissolve/hold more solute.
When a solution is supersaturated, it has more solute than it can theoretically hold (over full). In such circumstance, the solute will eventually fall out of the solution, settling at the bottom.
If a solution is too concentrated, you can dilute it by adding more of the solvent.
A solution with more solute, is more concentrated. For example, a 46% solution > 35% solution.
An alloy is a solution of two metals melted together. One example of an alloy is steel.
Types of non solution mixtures
(Non solution): A suspension is a temporary mixture in which particles eventually settle. It can be easily filtered
(Non solution): A colloid is a mixture with larger particles, as seen in milk, mayonnaise, and egg whites. The particles in this result come in clusters, not like single molecules seen in actual solutions. *Some Colloids may exhibit the Tyndall effect, which causes the scattering of light as it passes through. One instance of this can be seen in the scattering of light in fog.
A solution is a mixture that is homogeneous at the molecular level.