PHARM EXAM 1

• 75 min

• 100pts

Intro to Pharm

• Graphs

o Graded vs Dose

• Potency

• Emax

• TD50/ED50

• Therapeutic Index

• Schedule I – Schedule IV drugs

o In terms of medical vs not

• Low/High Therapeutic Index – what does that mean?

o When would it be acceptable to take something with a low TI (EX: cancer benefits outweigh risks)

• Matching sections with vocab…

o First pass

o Kinetics

o Antagonist/Agonist

Pain & Inflammation

• Benefits of Aspirin

• Aspirin vs Acetaminophen

• MC -> drug based on description

• Matching drug to description

• H1 vs H2 blockers & what they treat

• 1st & 2nd generation H1 blockers

• Mineral vs Glucocorticoids & examples of endogenous

• Corticosteroids and blood glucose

• Tapering regime

PNS

• SNS vs PSNS – fight/flight & rest & digest

• Nicotinic vs Alpha/Beta – NT that binds

• Ach vs NE - lifecycles

• Antimuscarinic Poisoning & Myasthenia Gravis medications & mechanisms of actions

• Heart & Lung receptors

• Alpha 2 receptors and how they act

• Matching on drug catecholamines

• Catechol vs Non

• Asthma patients & beta blockers

• Diuretics with description

• Overall mechanism of diuretics

CV

• MC of description of antiarrhythmic drugs (Side effect dysrhythmia)

• Mechanism of action of digoxin

o Inhibits Na/K ATPase → ↑ Ca2+ → ↑ contractility

• Spironolactone & digoxin together?

o NO!!!!!

• MC on ACE inhibitors and cholesterol meds

• HTN drugs matching

• Heparin vs Warfarin

o Heparin: immediate, IV, activates antithrombin.

o Warfarin: oral, vitamin K antagonist, slow onset

• Streptokinase vs Alteplase

• Where vasodilators act

• The goal is to manage MI

CNS

• BBB and how drugs get across

o Only lipid-soluble/small drugs cross.

• Benzos & Barbs & GABA

o Benzos = ↑ frequency of GABA-A channel opening.

o Barbs = ↑ duration

• Kidney disease & benzos, and which drug to give with kidney disease

o Use lorazepam and oxazepam

• Basic mechanisms of action of seizure drugs

• Match the epilepsy drug with the description -> Seizure drugs decrease Ca2+/Na+ influx and increase GABA (inhibitory)

• Mechanism of action of antidepressants (sensitivity of receptors)

o Tricyclic Antidepressants = block uptake 1

o Increases receptor sensitivity

o SSRIs: block serotonin reuptake.

o TCAs: block NE + serotonin reuptake

o MAOIs: prevent breakdown

• Match antidepressants

• MC for sedatives

• Bipolar medication regimen

o Acute treatment:

 Manic = mood stabilizer & antipsychotic

 Depressive = mood stabilizer & anti-depressant

 NEVER just treat with an anti-depressant

o Long Term Treatment

 Mood stabilizer

Asthma

• Beta blockers and asthma issues

o Nonselective contraindicated (bronchoconstriction)

o Should NOT be used to treat CV disease in asthmatics

• Match GI med with description

• Net effects of asthma

o Airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction

 Hyper-responsive constrictor response of the airway smooth muscle to repeated exposure to allergens and other stimuli (exercise/aspirin)

• Be able to recognize asthma medications