history

1. Invented by Jethro Tull, this machine automated the seed planting process.

Seed Drill

1. This medicine numbs the body during surgery.

Anesthetic

1. This series of laws took away the Commons and sold it to private parties that fenced it off. Enclosure Acts
2. As the Commons disappeared, small farmers found themselves moving to these places. Cities
3. Improvements in hygiene, sanitation, medicine and agriculture led to an increase in. Population
4. This person invented the first steam engine (it wasn’t very good). Thomas Newcomen
5. This person improved the steam engine, making it more efficient and economically viable. James Watt
6. This is the process that allows people to separate pure metal from ore. Smelting
7. This metal provided the foundation for many of the machines of the early industrial revolution. Iron
8. Britain had an abundance of this burnable fuel, allowing the industrial revolution to flourish. Coal
9. Thanks to many innovations in this industry, Britain became the leading manufacturer of this product. Textiles
   10. Before textile innovations, where were most textiles manufactured in Britain? In the family home
   11. This invention made weaving much faster by automating shuttle movement. Flying Shuttle
   12. This spinning machine could be powered by flowing water, inspiring the first factories. Water frame
   13. Private roads, built by entrepreneurs, that charge fees to use them. Turnpike
   14. The world’s first major one of these transportation innovations went from Liverpool to Manchester. Railroad
   15. This is the process of a large segment of population moving from rural areas to the city. Urbanization
   16. Large buildings full of apartments that housed many working class families. Tenements
   17. Even though illegal at the time, these were secret groups of workers that would fight for labor rights. Labor unions
   18. This group thought that automated textile machines were costing them jobs and would destroy machines and burn factories. Luddites
   19. These two groups were often preferred hires for factories and mines because they were paid a lower wage. Women and Children
   20. This metal, which quickly replaced iron in most use cases, was lighter, harder and more durable than iron. Steel
   21. This process allowed people to create steel from iron. The Bessemer Process
   22. This man invented dynamite and lamented that it was used for war. Alfred Nobel
   23. Invented by Micheal Faraday, this machine is still the basis for electrical generators and transformers today. Dynamo
   24. This person perfected the incandescent light bulb, making it commercially viable. Thomas Edison
   25. This innovation helped make the manufacturing process easier for goods with multiple components. Interchangeable Parts
   26. With this production method, factory workers specialize in one part of the production process, a different person performs each step in the production. Assembly Line
   27. This person invented the automobile. Karl Benz
   28. This method of communication allowed for coded messages to be transmitted electronically using Morse Code over long distances. Telegraph
   29. Large businesses would sell these smaller shares in their company to raise capital. Stocks
   30. Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock are called. Corporations
   31. This is when one company controls the entire market for one industry or product, like TicketMaster. Monopoly
   32. In 1870, Louis Pasteur showed that microbes caused disease, proving this theory. Germ Theory
   33. This African American suffragist fought to gain the right to vote for women. Sojourner Truth
   34. The prevalence of alcoholism in industrialized cities led to many women’s groups supporting this. Temperance Movement
   35. Darwin put forth this theory that explains why different species of animals exist. Evolution
   36. This part of the theory of evolution is the idea that the strongest specimens survive to have offspring. Natural selection or “Survival of the Fittest”
   37. Some took Darwin’s ideas of Natural Selection and extrapolated them to create this theory to explain social and economic disparities. Social Darwinism
   38. The idea that religious people were called to serve their community through charitable work. Social Gospel
   39. This author popularized the Romantic Hero, a brooding, lonely, melancholy protagonist. Lord Byron (George Gordon)
   40. This art movement emphasized simple language, strong emotions, and nature. Romanticism
   41. This popular author of the Realism movement wrote novels about Victorian society, especially the difficult lives of the labor class. Charles Dickens
   42. This movement sought to capture the first fleeting feelings about a scene or object. Impressionism
   43.  The improvement of this technology challenged painters of the Realism period causing some to move to impressionism. Photography
   44. Rural towns that had few or no voters, yet still sent representatives to parliament were called rotten boroughs
   45. This act redistributed seats in the House of Commons to more accurately represent the urbanized population. Great Reform Act of 1832
   46. The head of the Conservative party, this person oversaw the British Second Reform act in 1867, expanding the electorate. Benjamin Disraeli
   47. Rivals with Disraeli, this head of the Liberal party helped to extend suffrage to farmers and most other men in 1885. William Gladstone
   48. Instead of execution, Britain began sending convicted criminals to these, the most famous of which being Australia. Penal Colonies
   49. This was the campaign to end the slave trade. Abolition Movement
   50. This type of person owned much of the land in Ireland while living in England. They charged high rents and were hated by many Irish. Absentee Landlords