Recording-2025-02-24T15:58:45.320Z

Understanding Molecules and Naming Conventions

Molecular Composition

• Molecular Naming Convention:

  • The second element in a molecular formula usually ends with an "-ide".

  • Prefixes denote the quantity of each element in the molecule:

    • Di- = two

    • Mono- = one (used only when there is no prefix for the first element)

Examples and Applications

• When naming compounds, if the first element is present in a quantity of one, it is typically just named without a prefix.

• As molecular structures become more complicated, alternative strategies may have to be applied for accurate naming.

Valence Electrons and Formal Charge

Hydrogen Case Study

• Valence Electrons of Hydrogen:

  • Hydrogen has one valence electron, which corresponds to its position in Group 1 of the periodic table.

  • In a neutral state, hydrogen has one electron.

• Calculating Formal Charge:

  • To find the formal charge of hydrogen, you can use the formula:[ \text{Formal Charge} = \text{Valence Electrons} - \text{Non-Bonding Electrons} - \frac{1}{2} \text{Bonding Electrons} ]

  • In this case for hydrogen, it has one bond:

    • 1 (valence) - 0 (non-bonding) - 0.5 (from one bond) = 0 (neutral charge).

Central Atom Consideration

• When determining bonds in a molecule, it is essential to select a central atom around which the structure of the molecule is built.

• Each atom's connectivity will affect the stability and reactivity of the whole molecular structure.