AP History Guide
1. Aztec Indians: Run mostly by city states, good warriors, practiced paganism.
2. Buddhism: meditation, wisdom, and the study of reality under Gautama
3. Byzantine empire: mostly Christian, terminal decline in 1200, Constantinople was its capitol.
4. China’s Song Dynasty (economic): Stronger government split between classes. New ship building techniques and metallurgy made it a golden age of commerce.
5. Confucianism: More philosophical, less religious. Became the dominant religion of the dynasty. Believed China’s problems were rooted in moral behavior.
6. Daoism: ridiculed progress for bettering society through improved education.
7. European innovation by borrowing technologies: Borrowed inventions like the spinning wheel and gunpowder from other nations to better their own society
8. Feudal division of power: The clergy held most of the power, then came the nobles, lords with vassals, and finally free men
9. Feudalism: Common in Europe and Asia, poor people worked the grounds around the land run by a lord.
10. Hinduism: no historical founder, oldest religion in India.
11. Islam: 5 pillars: Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, Ramadan, and Hajj
12. Sufi Muslim: emphasized mantra reading and prayer.
13. Islam in India: The Islamic people in India were ruled by the Turks.
14. Korea (influence on China): Maintained independence from China having a tribute system.
15. Ottoman empire (extension of power): Brought unity to the Islamic middle east.
16. Relationship of Mesoamerican civilizations to Andes Civilizations: Did not interact with each other due to nature of city states.
17. Siddartha Gautama: Founder if Buddhism.
18. What feature separates Korea, Japan, and Vietnam from China: Korea maintained political independence from China, Japan only borrowed what they wanted from China, Vietnam greater social and economic roles for women, they had more female deities.
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20. Black death: A disease that entered Europe on trading vessels
21. Black death spread: Spread quickly due to poor living conditions and dirty homes, ended feudalism.
22. Chinggis Khan: Conqueror who brought unity to the Mongol Empire.
23. Long distance trade in the Americas: Hard before Spain brought in horses, Traded natural resources.
24. Malay trade: known for gold, spices, and taxation on foreign vessels.
25. Ming Dynasty: Completely traditional, got rid of foreign influences. Cultivated land and rich history.
26. Mongol adoption of conquered civilizations and culture: Placed conquered people into their army allowing them to move up in society.
27. Mongol power and significance to world history: Integrated new tactics and technologies into their army from foreign nations, tactics like using cavalry riders.
28. Mongols in Persia: The Mongols invaded Persia in 1219 and conquered the region by 1220, marking the beginning of Mongol expansion into the Islamic states of the Middle East.
29. Mongols in Western Europe: Did not conquer, Saw Europe as having little to offer.
30. Mongols promotion of international commerce: Offered merchants more money than needed to set up trade in conquered lands.
31. Mughal Empire: Hindu majority, pastoral society, opposed Islam.
32. Pastoral societies: societies that moved around.
33. Sand roads: trade based off of manufactured goods.
34. Sea roads: dependent on weather, spurred on by maritime advancements. Based on luxury goods.
35. Silk roads: Mostly Asia to Arabia, known for its great religious spread.
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37. Akbar’s policies: Ruler of the Mughal Empire, accommodated the Hindu majority and did not require Islamic conversion.
38. Columbian exchange: Interaction between Europe, Africa, and North and south America.
39. Domestication of animals: Llamas and Alpacas were trained by Indians to carry goods and help them adapt.
40. Great Dying: Native Americans came into contact with European disease.
41. Hindu opposition to Mughal Rule: Resentmant of the Jizya.
42. Latin American Slavery: Slaves worked for rulers as debt payment.
43. Mercantilism: Economic theory based on encouraging exports.
44. Native Americans aid Spanish: Became Hacienda.
45. Outcome (European empires in the Americas): lots of Native American casualties.
46. Syncretism of Native Americans to Catholic religion: Accepted it so Catholics wouldn’t beat them.
47. Ch 6-7
48. China (impact of Catholic Jesuits): Introduced western science, mathematics, and Astronomy. Through expertise in these subjects, the Jesuits gained access to the imperial courts.
49. European control of trade (how?): they used military force to control and enforce monopolies.
50. Fur trade: major in North America from the 17th to the mid-19th century. Driven by demand for pelts to make hats and coats.
51. Government treatment of Japanese Merchants: Foreign countries actively hindered their activities and imposed heavy restrictions.
52. Peace of Westphalia: A series of treaties signed in 1648 that officially ended the thirty-years’ war in Europe.
53. Scientific revolution: Notables: Nicholous Copernicus was an active mathematician and astronomer, he and Galileo Galile angered the church with their heliocentric theory.
54. Silver trade: Major factor in the emergence of global economy and exchange of goods, ideas, and culture across the world.
55. Ch 8
56. Civic nationalism: A form of nationalism where nationalism is based on shared citizenship and political values.
57. Hattian revolution affect:
58. Leaders in Latin American independence movements: Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, Miguel Hidalgo, Bernando Ohiggins, Antonio Jose.
59. Napolean’s conquest (people’s response): Some saw him as a liberator while others saw him as a conqueror.
60. Spanish revolution compared to the American revolution: More complicated and took longer than the American Revolution.
61. Women’s rights: The social, political, and economic rights that promote equality for women in society.