knee oia

HHS ROP Sports Medicine

Knee O, I, A Worksheet

DIRECTIONS: For each of the following anatomical structures, please fill in the attachment sites and function using the appropriate anatomical terminology.

1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament

• 1. Proximal attachment – Runs from posterolateral femur (tunnel).

• 1. Distal attachment – To anteromedial plateau.

• 1. Function(s) - Prevents anterior translation of the tibia.

1. Posterior Cruciate Ligament

• 1. Proximal attachment – Runs from anteromedial femur.

• 1. Distal attachment – To posterior surface of tibial plateau.

• 1. Function(s) - Prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur.

1. Medial Collateral Ligament

• 1. Proximal attachment - (2 layers) -> Runs from medial femoral condyle.

*If someone has torn their meniscus, check MCL & vice versa. *

• 1. Distal attachment – To medial tibial condyle (also attaches to the medial meniscus).

• 1. Function(s) - Resists valgus stress (i.e., below to lateral knee).

1. Lateral Collateral Ligament

• 1. Proximal attachment – Runs from lateral femoral condyle. *Only ligament that is outside the joint capsule. *

• 1. Distal attachment – To the head of the fibula.

• 1. Function(s) - Resists varus stress.

1. Iliotibial Band (6-7 inches) (Front)

• 1. Proximal attachment – Into muscle tensor, fascia late and glute max.

• 1. Distal attachment – Gerdy's tubercle (part of the lateral tibial condyle) -> bump on a bump.

• 1. Function(s) - To stabilize hip and brace knee (i.e., during walking) -> true lateral stabilizer.

1. Rectus Femoris -> Most superficial muscle.

• 1. Proximal attachment – AIIS -> Anterior inferior iliac spine.

• 1. Distal attachment – Inserts into the tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon.

• 1. Action(s) - Knee extension & hip flexion.

1. Vastus Lateralis

• 1. Proximal attachment – All on back of the leg -> upper part of the inter trochanteric line (back of and anterior and lower borders of the greater trochanter femur) Upper half of the Linea aspera, lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity.

• 1. Distal attachment – Inserts into tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon.

• 1. Action(s) - Knee extension.

1. Vastus Medialis (include VMO)

• 1. Proximal attachment – Lower half of the inter trochanter-line & lower half of Linea aspera.

• 1. Distal attachment – Inserts into tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon.

• 1. Action(s) - Knee extension.

1. Vastus Intermedius

• 1. Proximal attachment – Proximal 2/3’s of the anterior surface of the femur, lower half of the Linea aspera.

• 1. Distal attachment – Inserts into tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon.

• 1. Action(s) - Knee extension.

1. Biceps Femoris Lateral <- Quads above patellar tendon below.

• 1. Proximal attachment – Ischial tuberosity, long head originates on, short head on distal half of posterior femur

• 1. Distal attachment – Common tendon inserts on head of fib.

• 1. Action(s) - Hip extensions & knee flexion.

1. Semimembranosus Medial <-

• 1. Proximal attachment – ischial tuberosity.

• 1. Distal attachment – Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle.

• 1. Action(s) - Hip extension & knee flexion, also contributes to medial tibial rotation.

1. Semitendinosus Medial <-

• 1. Proximal attachment – Ischial tuberosity, medial tibial flare (Pes anserine – SGT) ->>>

• 1. Distal attachment – Movement when Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus you tread water

• 1. Action(s) - Hip extension & knee flexion *also contributes to medial tibial rotation*

1. Gracilis

• 1. Proximal attachment – ASIS anterior superior iliac spine

• 1. Distal attachment – inserts into pes anserinus

• 1. Action(s) - weak knee flexor, moves hip (flexes, abducts, ER)

1. Sartorius

• 1. Proximal attachment – originates on pubic ramus, adjacent to the cubic symphysis

• 1. Distal attachment – Inserts into Pes anserine

• 1. Action(s) - Weak knee flexor, moves hip (adducts, flexes)

1. Popliteus

• 1. Proximal attachment – lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur

• 1. Distal attachment – into posterior surface of the proximal tibia just below the medial tibial condyle

• 1. Action(s) - weak knee flexor, medial tibial rotation