3.8 Social-Emotional Development

1. Front: Anxious Attachment

Back: An insecure attachment style where individuals fear abandonment and seek constant reassurance in relationships.

2. Front: Authoritarian Parenting

Back: A strict, high-demand and low-responsiveness parenting style; linked to obedience but lower happiness in children.

3. Front: Authoritative Parenting

Back: A balanced style with high expectations and high support; leads to confident, well-adjusted children.

4. Front: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Back: Erikson’s toddler-stage conflict; success leads to independence, failure leads to shame and doubt.

5. Front: Avoidant Attachment

Back: An insecure attachment where individuals emotionally distance themselves and avoid closeness.

7. Front: Disorganized Attachment

Back: An attachment style with conflicting behaviors, often linked to trauma or abuse.

8. Front: Exosystem

Back: Part of Bronfenbrenner’s theory; includes settings that indirectly affect the individual (e.g., a parent’s job).

9. Front: Generativity vs Stagnation

Back: Erikson’s middle adulthood stage; success involves contributing to others, failure leads to stagnation.

10. Front: Identity Achievement

Back: A status where a person has explored and committed to a stable sense of identity.

11. Front: Identity Diffusion

Back: A status where the person has not explored or committed to any identity path; often seems apathetic.

12. Front: Identity Foreclosure

Back: A status where an identity is adopted without exploration, often based on others’ expectations.

13. Front: Identity Moratorium

Back: A period of active identity exploration without commitment.

14. Front: Identity vs Role Confusion

Back: Erikson’s adolescent stage; success builds a strong identity, failure leads to confusion about self.

15. Front: Imaginary Audience

Back: Adolescents’ belief that others are constantly watching and judging them.

16. Front: Industry vs Inferiority

Back: Erikson’s elementary school stage; success leads to competence, failure results in feelings of inadequacy.

17. Front: Initiative vs Guilt

Back: Erikson’s preschool stage; success builds leadership and initiative, failure results in guilt.

18. Front: Integrity vs Despair

Back: Erikson’s late adulthood stage; reflection leads to satisfaction (integrity) or regret (despair).

19. Front: Intimacy vs Isolation

Back: Erikson’s young adulthood stage; success leads to loving relationships, failure leads to loneliness.

20. Front: Macrosystem

Back: The broader cultural context, such as laws, beliefs, and customs, in Bronfenbrenner’s theory.

21. Front: Mesosystem

Back: The connections between parts of the microsystem (e.g., family-school interaction).

22. Front: Microsystem

Back: The immediate environments a person interacts with directly, like family, school, and peers.

23. Front: Neglectful Parenting

Back: A parenting style with low responsiveness and low demands; often leads to poor outcomes in children.

24. Front: Parallel Play

Back: When children play near each other without directly interacting; typical of toddlers.

25. Front: Permissive Parenting

Back: A lenient parenting style with high warmth but few rules; can lead to poor self-discipline in children.

26. Front: Personal Fable

Back: Adolescents’ belief in their uniqueness and invincibility; “No one understands me.”

27. Front: Secure Attachment

Back: A healthy attachment style where the child feels safe and confident to explore, knowing support is available.

28. Front: Trust vs Mistrust

Back: Erikson’s infancy stage; consistent care builds trust, inconsistent care leads to mistrust.